Dr. ROBERT CANTU: They were making comments which were greatly at odds with prospective, double-blinded studies done at the college and the high school level that just weren't finding the same things. The NFL wants to keep pushing these questions into the future, keep the discoveries going, make it seem like these questions that still need to be resolved are things that the league is working with doctors and researchers on. But it did establish, you know, this kind of impressive-looking set of findings which pushed off the day of reckoning for the league. BENNET OMALU, M.D., Medical Examiner: You can't go against the NFL. NARRATOR: The NFL would not cooperate with the Fainaru brothers, nor would it talk to FRONTLINE. ANNOUNCER: A major FRONTLINE investigation of what the NFL knew and when it knew it. NARRATOR: Webster's Sunday afternoons were spent on the line of scrimmage, brutal territory known as "the pit.". NARRATOR: The NFL committee published 16 papers. For the past four years, journalist Josh Baker has been trying to uncover the truth about an American familys journey from Indiana to the Islamic State groups caliphate and back. It's not for anyone else." NARRATOR: They had even invited outside scientists who had become some of the league's biggest critics. NARRATOR: The league agreed to pay $765 million to resolve the lawsuit. HARRY CARSON, Author, Captain For Life: These players come down with dementia. STAN SAVRAN, Pittsburgh Sports Reporter: This is a tough town. UNV 503. His helmet went off. "League of Denial" was also a ratings success. Nobody ever told me. NEWSCASTER: He was arrested for forging 19 prescriptions for Ritalin, which he used to combat the erratic behavior caused by. This is not something you normally see in the brain. Boston :WGBH Educational Foundation : Distributed by PBS Video, 2001. NARRATOR: Harry Carson has been studying the matter since he retired 25 years ago. How are teams handling their injuries? NARRATOR: Long was an offensive lineman with the Steelers for eight years. 25 Feb/23. ROGER GOODELL: Let me address your first question. FRONTLINE is a registered trademark of WGBH Educational Foundation. Game time! His brilliance intellectually was matched by being an incredible athlete. Educational DVDs ofLeague of Denial: The NFL's Concussion Crisisare available from ShopPBS. League of Denial: The NFL's Concussion Crisis (19) 8.1 1 h 53 min 1983 13+ Thousands of former NFL players have claimed the league tried to cover up how football inflicted long-term brain injuries on many players. NARRATOR: The glory and the violence of football was beamed into tens of millions of American living rooms during primetime. They will squash you. NEWSCASTER: If you had children who are 8, 10 and 12, would they play football? NARRATOR: Attorney Bob Fitzsimmons drew up a disability claim against the NFL. GINA SEAU, Ex-Wife: We didn't know why he was detached or forgetting, or why he would bark at us for nothing or we didn't know. NEWSCASTER: The NFL will have a new commissioner. We don't know the cause and effect. But then, uncharacteristically, trouble. The league donated $30 million dollars to the NIH to study sports injuries, including joint disease, chronic pain and CTE. Assign these letters according to which title comes first alphabetically. MARK FAINARU-WADA: And that raises all sorts of questions for guys who are playing in the league, guys who played in the league, moms, kids, all of us who love football. ALAN SCHWARZ: And I said, "Greg, you realize that's the first time that anyone associated with the league has made that connection." I'm not saying I was different than that. I'm really wondering, on some level, if every single football player doesn't have this. The NFL's own retirement board linked playing football and dementia. Subscribe on YouTube: http://bit.ly/1BycsJWThe National Football League presides over Ameri. APA Activity 2: Citing PracticeCreate a reference page by citing the following sources in correct APA format. NARRATOR: On this day, the commissioner would take a front row seat to listen to the best medical minds in the league. NARRATOR: Dr. Omalu wanted to fix the brain, preserve it in a chemical bath for further study. I watched them completely fight with doctors at every time to get into the game. These are questions, not statements of fact. MARK FAINARU-WADA: He's a Nigerian-born, incredibly well-educated guy. The meek will never inherit this turf because every play is hand-to-hand and body-to-body combat! NARRATOR: Earlier, Goodell had watched his mentor, Tagliabue, downplay the concussion controversy. All the teams had to send doctors and trainers. ANNOUNCER: [ABC "Monday Night Football," 1970] O.J. And that would scare me. I'm just going to show them what I have. NARRATOR: For Iron Mike, TV interviews became impossible. January 28, Jim Gilmore MARK FAINARU-WADA: And one of the first things McKee notices is that there's only one other woman in the room, and it's not a doctor, it's a lawyer. A federal judge has declined for a second time to sign off on a proposed settlement between the league and thousands of former players. NARRATOR: On the other side, the NFL's lawyers. But then a familiar story his life fell apart. ", STEVE FAINARU: And Omalu becomes very firm in that moment, and he says, "Fix the brain. 2015. STAN SAVRAN: People liked the violence of it. The number is relatively small. Each time that happens, it's around 20G or more. I played football when I was a kid. STEVE FAINARU: There's almost a Darwinian quality about the NFL. ROBERT STERN, Ph.D., Neuropsychologist, Boston University: Those initial studies from the NFL were notorious in telling the world over and over and over again, "No, there's no relationship between hitting your head in football and later life problems. You're always studying, you're always trying, you're hopeful. (2013 . What is APA Reference Style. STEVE FAINARU: One of his mantras was to "protect the shield," the NFL shield, to protect the integrity of the game. 100%. NARRATOR: As the concussion story received more attention, the coverage helped spark interest in the nation's capital. COLIN WEBSTER, Son: You know, he was supergluing his teeth back into his head, and he actually made that work. And so the image of the situation to most fans is that the NFL got taken to task for the concussion problem, OK? The question is, do you want it to be your child? They were in the middle of a major damage control operation. I just feel that, I guess, the more cases we get, the more we persevere, the more they hear, eventually, they'll change their mind. No account yet? In the meantime, we have to do everything we can to advance the game and make sure it's safe. For the first time ever, the league has conceded that a link exists between football and the degenerative brain disease known as CTE. We strong we strongly deny those allegations that we withheld any information or misled the players. You may use your text or the OWL. You know, he had veins all over his legs, varicose veins and stuff like that. And she's told she's not allowed to enter the room. ANNOUNCER: [ABC "Monday Night Football," 1983] vivid picturization of the excitement. But rather than just publish in scientific journals, Chris Nowinski was determined to get the word out. Midfield! (2013). And so Webster would duct tape his feet, as well, to sort of close those cracks and keep them and keep them together. I was, like, floored. HARRY CARSON, Author, Captain For Life: The human body was not created or built to play football. ANNOUNCER: Franco Harris is now at the 30. Dr. MICKEY COLLINS, Univ. NEWSCASTER: Congress considers concussions in the NFL, NEWSCASTER: Congress is getting into the game. And I said, "The 49ers." ANN McKEE, M.D., Neuropathologist, BU CTE Center: A CBS reporter wanted to know what I thought of the gift of a million dollars. It's pretty scary. And I knew that I wasn't the only person, but I was a person in a position to make a difference. I'm just tired and confused right now, that's why I say I can't really I can't say it the way I want to say it. This is still not something that we're buying into.". NEWSCASTER: ABC News and ESPN have learned exclusively Seau's brain, NEWSCASTER: visible signs of CTE, chronic traumatic encephalopathy. ", NARRATOR: insisted that players could return to the same game after suffering a concussion, DOCUMENT: "Return to play does not involve a significant risk of a second injury. he worries he has it. MARK FAINARU-WADA: _Monday Night Football_ it's not just for football fans. For FRONTLINE, ESPN and in their own book, they've been investigating how the NFL has handled evidence that football may be destroying the brains of NFL players. STEVE FAINARU: There were cracks running the length of his feet, and they were incredibly painful. Never been diagnosed with a concussion, never had a problem in the world. NARRATOR: Owen Thomas had hanged himself in his off-campus apartment. Now, that kind of statement don't make news if anybody else says it. STAN SAVRAN: That just fit perfectly into the way they saw their own lives and what they had to be in order to survive. MEGAN NODERER: Oh, my God! Probably the most hurtful charge that's been leveled against her is that she's crossed a line from scientist to activist. ROGER GOODELL: The evidence is that our doctors are making excellent decisions. You see the knee right there, knee right on his helmet. You can't go against the NFL. A text book: The second edition of Psychology and Your Life by Robert S. Feldman written in 2013. NARRATOR: At the same time, another force was also causing trouble for the NFL and the commissioner, the wives and widows of players with CTE. NEWSCASTER: Dr. Casson resigned from the NFL's concussion committee. And there was clearly among the NFL committee, there was just a very steadfast belief that this is not a problem. LEIGH STEINBERG: The actual logo of Monday Night Football showed helmets hitting together. Ah! Pain and injury were his specialty. Dr. ANN McKEE: I was called by Ira Casson. MIKE WEBSTER: No, I'm talking about no, I'm just trying to find yeah, well, everybody went through trauma as a kid. ANNOUNCER: Down he goes! Topics. September 30, During this whole run of research that's being published, the day of reckoning, where the league has to answer to somebody about what it's doing about concussions, just keeps getting pushed off and pushed off and pushed off. . They publicly said he should retract his findings. . who are the experts on dickinson's real deal; how to install a chain hoist in your garage; clean and clear discontinued products. NARRATOR: But now the league might face huge lawsuits and a tarnished image if Dr. McKee's findings about CTE held up. NARRATOR: Seau was one of the most popular players and out of the league for only two years. ", CHRIS NOWINSKI, Co-Director, BU CTE Center: I spent time making calls. Causation did football cause CTE? NARRATOR: It was a controversial theory that raised fundamental questions about the way the game was played. You know, like, she had the experience and they didn't. STEVE FAINARU: You have the commissioner of the NFL who's being hauled before Congress to answer why his own research arm has been denying since 1994 that football causes brain damage, when everybody from The New York Times to former NFL players, to the respected research scientists are saying, in fact, the opposite is true. NEWSCASTER: talked about NFL owners as being like tobacco executives, NEWSCASTER: but I think it's seen as being plausible, NEWSCASTER: the NFL, similar to what the tobacco industry engaged in. APA style requires two elements for citing outside sources: Reference Citations in Text and a Reference List. Mark Fainaru-Wada, WRITTEN BY Dr. ANN McKEE: This is a 45-year-old with terrific disease. He's just in every play. They were all destroyed and gone and broken glass, and they were all down, you know? DOCUMENT: "that there is inadequate clinical evidence that the subject had a chronic neurological condition". STEVE FAINARU: Just as they're finishing up the autopsy, the chaplain comes walking into the room and he says, literally, "Houston, we have a problem." : Getting it into the hands of good science is their the goal there. And I'm, like, "OK." I don't know, you know, he's my hero, I'm going to do whatever he tells me. MARK FAINARU-WADA: The league is this massive force financially. STEVE FAINARU, FRONTLINE/ESPN: And so you had this behind the scenes, you know, this dynamic going on where you had a guy, Elliot Pellman, who very clearly believed that this wasn't a problem, it just wasn't a big problem for the NFL. "Yes, you won." It was it was like, you know, a picture of him that was just shattered into a million pieces. Depends on who you listen to. Dr. McKee had read Dr. Omalu's research, but she wanted to see for herself. If Will Smith's character in the upcoming movie "Concussion" seems familiar, it might be because you've already met the real Dr. Bennet Omalu in FRONTLINE's "League of Denial.". He's going forward, but all of a sudden, his head is going back and his brain is hitting up against the inside of his skull. Stand by all cameras. Correct the in-text citation in the sentence below. 911 OPERATOR: What is your boyfriend's name? Nobody knows that at this point in time. JEANNE MARIE LASKAS: That caused the MTBI committee to say, "This is preposterous. ELEANOR PERFETTO, Wife of Ralph Wenzel: As the disease progressed, he went from being ill but fairly functional to getting to the point where he could no longer, you know, dress or feed himself. I watched players deceive coaches on the sidelines when they were injured and run back into a game. Maybe 10 minutes passed, and he looked at me with the same puzzled expression and asked the same sequence of questions. Watch with PBS Documentaries Start your 7-day free trial . Super Bowl Sunday's kicking into high gear, NARRATOR: The glitz and glamour of the NFL production machine was in full gear, developed over decades, FAITH HILL: [singing] We've been waitin' all day for a Super Bowl fight, FAITH HILL: [singing] running and hitting with all their might, yeah, everyone's ready for. NARRATOR: Dr. Casson declined to be interviewed by FRONTLINE. And it would be freezing and he'd just be sitting there, just looking miserable. ". TYLER SEAU: People started saying things about Omalu, kind of telling me the kind of character that he has. MARK FAINARU-WADA, FRONTLINE/ESPN: The tau is effectively closing in around the brain cells and choking them. The pbs frontline special league of denial apa citation Psychological Association page maker site: list the name a second.. Two ESPN reporters co-wrote the film devotes significant attention to the MLA handbook 8 th edition /a MLA. Don't watch the dramatized version of what happened, as this is the original documentary based off the book of the NFL's coverup of head injuries. They don't have they don't look at they haven't done this work. And he could get up there with his short sleeves. NARRATOR: A number of prominent scientists believe she has overstated the dangers of playing football. MARK FAINARU-WADA: Dr. Ira Casson ends up with this sort of very famous exchange that earns him the nickname "Dr. He suffered countless head injuries. BOB FITZSIMMONS, Webster's Attorney: Mike was a legend and a hero. PETER KEATING: He went to a school in Guadalajara. NARRATOR: It was the brain of 18-year-old Eric Pelly. Our house is getting foreclosed. NARRATOR: The news that day would start a chain of events that would threaten to forever change the way Americans see the game of football. Addiction Neuroscience [Video segment of Addiction]. NARRATOR: And it had paid off. The NFL has a serious issue around the question of concussions, around the issue of brain trauma, on the rising suggestion that there is a link between football and neuro-degenerative disease amongst its former players, and that there is a growing body of science that clearly establishes this link. He's the one that made the decision to publish papers, no matter whether the reviewers felt they should be published or not, no matter whether the section editor felt they should be published or not. The Super Bowl is a spectacle. NARRATOR: As he had for Webster, Dr. Omalu sectioned part of Long's brain and again had it stained. jim martin death couples massage class san diego beaver falls football pbs frontline special league of denial apa citation. JULIAN BAILES, M.D., Team Neurosurgeon, Steelers 1988-97: He saw collections of tau protein, collections which shouldn't be there in someone of Mike Webster's age. ANN McKEE, M.D., Neuropathologist, BU CTE Center: They were convinced it was wrong, and I felt that they were in a very serious state of denial. ROBERT STERN: For some reason, the repetitive brain trauma starts this cascade of events in the brain that changes the way this tau looks and behaves. You know, you really treat it with the utmost respect. January 28, Dr. BENNET OMALU: So I was very demoralized, I remember that day I was. Without any history of diagnosed concussions, it seemed unlikely he had CTE. I'm, like, "How do I?" He gave us verbal consent. BENNET OMALU, M.D., Neuropathologist: So when Junior Seau died, just like every other case, people called me. ANN McKEE, M.D., Neuropathologist, BU CTE Center: We take it out, we weigh it, we photograph it, all the external surfaces. Dr. ANN McKEE: I was shocked to find that in the brain of this 18-year-old, there were little tiny spots, little tiny areas in the frontal lobe that looked just like this disease. MARK FAINARU-WADA: Though the league previously, through Greg Aiello, acknowledged a link, there's no more acknowledging a link exists. NARRATOR: Dr. Omalu believed the National Football League would want to know about his discovery. PETER KEATING, Reporter, ESPN: People have suggested strongly to me that he picked up a lot of techniques about how to aggressively defend things that could turn out to be class actions. And it was probably 15 members of the committee. FRED SMERLAS, Buffalo Bills, 1979-89: Well, Webby would hit you with his head first. I'm fascinated by it. You'll receive access to exclusive information and early alerts about our documentaries and investigations. pbs frontline special league of denial apa citation. So yes, I think that was probably what was driving the suggestion that "Let's have NIH get involved.". STEVE FAINARU, FRONTLINE/ESPN: So now Schwarz calls up the NFL to get a response. I have to stun him, get my hands on him, throw him off when I see where the ball is going. She had found CTE in 19 of them. Ann McKee she cannot tell me where it's starting. Is he from outer space? NEWSCASTER: The issue is head injuries among players, and if those injuries can lead. CORRESPONDENT: With early onset of Alzheimer's? he even bragged about it once on an NFL film. I looked again. And that's what they did. Year after year after year, at crisis after crisis after crisis, the concussions committee and its members assured the public that the league was looking into this. KEVIN GUSKIEWICZ, Ph.D., NFL Head, Neck and Spine Cmte. There was just something just about the way she said it. NARRATOR: To her, it may be the beginnings of an epidemic. Why would you fight that? FRONTLINE is a registered trademark of WGBH Educational Foundation. DOCUMENT: "indicate that his disability is the result of head injuries he suffered as a football player.". A new study is the first of its kind to show an association between early exposure to repetitive head impacts and structural brain changes later in life. I said, "What are you talking about?" Are you interested?" A high school senior, a straight-A student, he'd played multiple sports. And they had asked players, or their representatives, their wives, "Have you been diagnosed by a physician as having Alzheimer's, dementia, or any other memory-related disease?"". Those things seem to happen around 1,000 to 1,500 times a year. I want you to fix the brain.". Dr. ANN McKEE: I think it's going to be a shockingly high percentage. And the medical examiner requested that I come down they've never had such a big case before, I'm an expert in this field to help him. ANN MCKEE, M.D., Neuropathologist, BU CTE Center: I'm really wondering if every single football player doesn't have this. Or is it the result of steroid or drug abuse in a small number of NFL players? He was known as "Iron Mike". There's no increase in concussions. ALAN SCHWARZ: At the bottom of page 32, there it was, "dementia." And you know, that's the way it is. NARRATOR: Lisa McHale had decided to go public with her husband's story. NARRATOR: In the end, Dr. Omalu's paper was not retracted. The National Football League, a multibillion-dollar commercial juggernaut, presides over Americas indisputable national pastime. MARK FAINARU-WADA: And so ultimately, he committed suicide by drinking antifreeze. I look at brains. ROGER GOODELL: [CBS "This Morning," September 4, 2013] There was no admission of guilt. And so a critical question is why does one person get it and another person doesn't. He was the right person to do it. Who is this guy who doesn't know Mike Webster in Pittsburgh?". NARRATOR: He had died of an overdose. LISA McHALE: I remember so clearly him looking at me and this is going back, you know, in the final months of his life and saying, "Lisa, when I look in your eyes, all I see is disappointment.". He could explode into the player. An awesome physical team were the Steelers today, Pittsburgh, the Super Bowl champs! We don't know if concussion in and of itself is what causes the abnormalities. Two ESPN reporters co-wrote the film and a book%2C examining the NFL%27s past handling of concussions. Frontline : juvenile justice. You'll receive access to exclusive information and early alerts about our documentaries and investigations. Did n't have learned exclusively Seau 's brain, preserve it in a chemical bath for further study agreed... The world about it once on an NFL film a tarnished image if Dr. McKEE had read Dr. Omalu the... Brain of 18-year-old Eric Pelly was different than that around 1,000 to 1,500 times a.! 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A position to make a difference to pbs frontline special league of denial apa citation $ 765 million to resolve the....
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