Despite a court order to reassess the Dakota Access Pipelines environmental impact, the agency wont share the results of its new study. [79], In March 2019, Trump revoked the prior permit and himself directly issued a new permit for the pipeline. On January 20, 2021, President Joe Biden signed an executive order[21] to revoke the permit[22] that was granted to TC Energy Corporation for the Keystone XL Pipeline (Phase 4). For companies considering whether to invest in a long-lived tar sands project (which could last for 50 years), access to cheap pipeline capacity plays a major role in the decision to move forward or not. [279] In April 2010, three smaller refineries sued TransCanada to break Keystone transportation contracts, saying the new pipeline has been beset with cost overruns. Some of those landowners gave testimony for a House Energy and Commerce Committee hearing in May 2011. He states, Our resistance to the Keystone XL pipeline and other tar sand infrastructure is grounded in our inherent right to self-determination as indigenous peoples. [138] The report prompted 14 senators and congressmen to ask the State Department inspector general on October 26, 2011 "to investigate whether conflicts of interest tainted the process" for reviewing environmental impact. "[253] To the extent that the oil would be extracted in any case, the relevant comparison would be to alternative means of transporting it; the Final SEIS considered three alternative scenarios and found that "total GHG emissions associated with construction and operation (direct and indirect) combined would be higher for each of the three scenarios than for the entire route encompassing the proposed Project". U.S. Coast Guard Petty Officer Second Class Lauren Jorgensen. This story was originally published on April 7, 2017, and has been updated with new information and links. [194][195] The event featured Lennox Yearwood; Chief Jacqueline Thomas, immediate past chief of the Saik'uz First Nation; Van Jones; Crystal Lameman, of Beaver Lake Cree Nation; Michael Brune, Sen. Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI), and others as invited speakers. There is a long history of opposition to colonialism by indigenous people. [clarification needed][115][116][117], The pipeline was a prominent issue in the 2014 United States mid-term elections, and after Republicans gained control of the Senate that year, the project was revived. Nation Dec 11, 2022 3:29 PM EST. The shutdown of the major oil pipeline that carries crude from Canada triggered. I have knowledge of on-page & off-page SEO, Analytics and ads. Opposition to Keystone XL centered on the devastating environmental consequences of the project. [55][56], In March 2012, Obama endorsed the building of the southern segment (Gulf Coast Extension or Phase III) that begins in Cushing, Oklahoma. The United States is the number one buyer of crude oil exported from Venezuela. This means in case of a spill; there is no proper method for cleaning this bitumen. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. As the debates go on about this Keystone XL project being the biggest threat to the US. [169], In 2013, United States Democrats were concerned that Keystone XL would not provide petroleum products for domestic use, but simply facilitate getting Alberta oil sands products to American coastal ports on the Gulf of Mexico for export to China and other countries. [12] In response to a Freedom of Information Act request for route information, the Department of State revealed on June 24, 2013, that "Neither Cardno ENTRIX nor TransCanada ever submitted GIS information to the Department of State, nor was either corporation required to do so. [127] Locally caught fish and untreated surface water would be at risk for contamination through oil sands extraction, and are central to the diets of many Indigenous peoples. While American Petroleum Institute has stated that this project will create jobs for over half a million American people, the truth is these are all false claims. From here, it will be sent to different overseas markets. [20], The pipeline became well known when the proposed KXL extension attracted opposition from environmentalists with concerns about climate change and fossil fuels. By Dennis Romero. (Indeed, Keystone XL was viewed as an essential ingredient in the oil industrys plans to triple tar sands production by 2030. Its no small feat extracting oil from tar sands, and doing so comes with steep environmental and economic costs. [40] Phase 1 went online in June 2010. While the tar sands industry was once seen as an unbeatable opponent in a David-and-Goliath fight, the victory against Keystone XL shows that the tables have begun to turnand that more power now lies with the advocates for climate justice than ever before. The keystone pipeline is operated, build and retains almost all profits to Trans-Canada; short or long term financial to anyone in the USA - minor sort-term assembly which has already been manufactured, and most of the line is strategically positioned Across the heartland. Fact: While American Petroleum Institute has stated that this project will create jobs for over half a million American people, the truth is these are all false claims. [149], During the 2014 Pacific Northwest Economic Region Summit in Whistler, B.C., Canada's US Ambassador Gary Doer stated that there is no proof, be it environmental, economic, safety or scientific, that construction work on Keystone XL should not go ahead. [113] On June 9, 2021, the project was abandoned by TC Energy. [260], Public opinion polls taken by independent national polling organizations toward the beginning of the dispute showed majority support for the proposed pipeline in the US. Opponents of this projectnow called the Gulf Coast Pipelinesay that TC Energy took advantage of legal loopholes to push the pipeline through, obtaining authorization under a U.S. Army Corps of Engineers nationwide permit and dodging the more rigorous vetting process for individual permits, which requires public input. It also included approximately 373 kilometres (232mi) of new 30-inch-diameter (760mm) pipeline, 16pump stations and the Keystone Hardisty Terminal. By September 29, 2015, TransCanada (later TC Energy) had dropped the lawsuit and acceded to the authority of elected, five-member Nebraska Public Service Commission, which has the state constitutional authority to approve gas and oil pipelines. [40] Later that year, the South Dakota Public Utilities Commission granted a permit to proceed. When TC Energy said the pipeline would create nearly 119,000 jobs, a State Department report instead concluded the project would require fewer than 2,000 two-year construction jobs and that the number of full-time, permanent jobs would hover around 35 after construction. [15] Phase III has capacity to deliver up to 700,000 barrels (110,000m3) per day to the Texas refineries. [213], In April 2013, the EPA challenged the U.S. State Department report's conclusion that the pipeline would not result in greater oil sand production, noting that "while informative, [it] is not based on an updated energy-economic modeling effort". It also states that the project will increase the heavy crude oil price in the Midwestern United States by diverting oil sands oil from the Midwest refineries to the Gulf Coast and export markets. [94][95] In the summary judgment, the judge agreed that the Endangered Species Act was violated, thereby voiding the permit. The surge occurred during a selloff of the price of oil, following the 20212022 global energy crisis. [111], On January 24, 2017, President Donald Trump took action intended to permit the pipeline's completion, whereupon TC Energy suspended their NAFTA Chapter 11 action. According to their website, "It's our responsibilityas a good company and under law. [53], On November 10, 2011, the Department of State postponed a final decision while investigating "potential alternative routes around the Sandhills in Nebraska" in response to concerns that the project was not in the United States' national interest. The revoked permit became the final nail in the pipelines coffin. [231] For much of late 2017, the Keystone pipeline operated at reduced pressure during remediation efforts. [210] The March 2013 U.S. Department of State Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs supplemental environmental impact statement (SEIS) stated that the original proposals, would not cause "significant impacts to most resources along the proposed Project route". The TransCanada Keystone XL pipeline is considered one of the toughest projects for organized labor. [140] In August 2014, a study was published that concluded the pipeline could produce up to 4 times more global warming pollution than the State Department's study indicated. On April 15, 2020, District Judge Brian Morris issued a suspension for the pipeline's construction after the plaintiffs, the Northern Plains Resource Council, alleged the project was improperly reauthorised back in 2017. The 1,200-mile pipeline would have traveled southeast through nine South Dakota counties. With relation to the Estes article, there is concern by indigenous people that the Keystone Pipeline can lead to a similar type of destruction. [111], On January 18, 2018, TransCanada announced they had secured commitments to ship 500,000 barrels (79,000m3) per day for 20 years. [notes 1][25] Phase III was opened on January 22, 2014, completing the pipeline path from Hardisty, Alberta to Nederland, Texas. [177] A report by the Cornell University Global Labor Institute noted of the 2010 Enbridge Tar Oil Spill along the Kalamazoo River in Michigan: "The experience of Kalamazoo residents and businesses provides an insight into some of the ways a community can be affected by a tar sands pipeline spill. The Keystone Pipeline has been shut down following a leak discovered near the border of Kansas and Nebraska. Many had hoped that the disastrous project was finally done for in November 2015, when the Obama administration vetoed the pipelineacknowledging its pervasive threats to climate, ecosystems, drinking water sources, and public health. [169], In October 2009, a suit was filed by the Natural Resources Defense Council that challenged the pipeline on the grounds that its permit was based on a deficient environmental impact statement. Innovations in fracking had increased domestic production of oil and, according to the EIA, reduced annual demand of oil from foreign countries to an all-time low since 1985. [160][161][162] These numbers have been disputed by an independent study conducted by the Cornell ILR Global Labor Institute, which found that while the Keystone XL would result in 2,500 to 4,650 temporary construction jobs, the impact will be reduced by higher oil prices in the Midwest, which will likely reduce national employment. The pipeline had been projected to carry oil nearly 1,200 miles (1,900km). However, experts suggested that this will increase Americas reliance on oil only and ultimately reduce efforts towards renewable and sustainable energy options. [38], In September 2009, the NEB replaced in 2019 by the Canadian Energy Regulator (CER) started hearings. In this article he speaks on the dangers that could inevitably occur via the pipeline. "TransCanada restarts Keystone pipeline after repairing leak". However, the volume of oil imported into the US from Venezuela dropped in half from 2007 to 2014, as overall Venezuelan exports have dropped, and also as Venezuela seeks to become less dependent on US purchases of its crude oil. [186], On November 6, 2011, several thousand formed a human chain around the White House to convince Obama to block the Keystone XL project. The mining depletes and pollutes freshwater resources, creates massive ponds of toxic waste, and threatens the health and livelihood of the First Nations people who live near them. On his fourth day in office, Trump signed an executive order to allow Keystone XL to move forward. . [54][205], In 2011, after opposition for laying the pipeline in this area, TransCanada agreed to change the route and skip the Sandhills,[108] even though pipeline industry spokesmen had maintained that existing pipelines carrying crude oil and refined liquid hydrocarbons have crossed over the Ogallala Aquifer for years in southeast Wyoming, eastern Colorado and New Mexico, western Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas. [120][121], In September 2015, Presidential candidate Hillary Clinton publicly expressed her opposition to the Keystone XL, citing concerns about climate change. On March 2, 2014, approximately 10001200 protesters marched from Georgetown University to the White House to stage a protest against the Keystone Pipeline. Type above and press Enter to search. [130] Another proposed solution is TransCanada's Aboriginal Human Resource Strategy, which was developed to facilitate Aboriginal employment and to provide "opportunities for Aboriginal businesses to participate in both the construction of new facilities and the ongoing maintenance of existing facilities". [212][notes 2] On March 21, Mother Jones revealed that key personnel employed by Environment Resources Management (ERM), the consulting firm responsible for generating most of the SEIS, had previously performed contract work for TransCanada corporation. About 588,000 gallons of tar sands crude was released. [133] In this article Wood refers to the pipeline as a black snake that poses a major threat to the Sioux Nation. In addition, TransCanada has submitted a secret document to the Canadian government that states that the KXL pipeline will cause a hike in gas prices in the Midwest. [203], On November 30, 2011, a group of Republican senators introduced legislation aimed at forcing the Obama administration to make a decision within 60days. All facets of the tar sands industry pose a threat to the environment. Also Read: Here Are 30+ Fun Anteater Facts For Kids. [218] On March 4, 2015, the Senate held a vote and failed to override President Obama's veto of the bill; the vote was 62 to 37, less than the two-thirds majority required to override a presidential veto. [243][244], Pipeline construction could affect water supplies upstream of several Native American reservations, even though the pipeline does not lead through any tribal land. [61] On February 11, 2015, the Keystone XL Pipeline was passed by the House of Representatives with the proposed Senate Amendments 270152. 701 et. We're ready to respond with a highly-trained response team standing by. The Keystone XL pipeline extension, proposed by TC Energy (then TransCanada) in 2008, was initially designed to transport the planets dirtiest fossil fuel, tar sands oil, to marketand fast. At the time the presidential cross-border permit was revoked, construction of the 1,120-mile Keystone XL segment was on track to be completed in 2022, with operations starting in early 2023. [280], In June 2012, Sierra Club, Clean Energy Future Oklahoma, and the East Texas Sub Regional Planning Commission filed a joint complaint in the United States District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma seeking injunctive relief and petitioning for a review of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' action in issuing Nationwide Permit 12 permits for the Cushing, Oklahoma, to the Gulf Coast portion of the pipeline. The projects corporate backerthe Canadian energy infrastructure company TC Energyofficially abandoned the project in June 2021 following President Joe Bidens denial of a key permit on his first day in office. They tried to cover this by making up such. [170] Until Canadian crude oil accesses international prices like LLS or Maya crude oil by "getting to tidewater" (south to the U.S. Gulf ports via Keystone XL for example, west to the BC Pacific coast via the proposed Northern Gateway line to ports at Kitimat, BC or north via the northern hamlet of Tuktoyaktuk, on the Beaufort Sea),[174] the Alberta government is losing from $430 billion in tax and royalty revenues as the primary product of the oil sands, Western Canadian Select (WCS), the bitumen crude oil basket, is discounted so heavily against West Texas Intermediate (WTI) while Maya crude oil, a similar product close to tidewater, is reaching peak prices. Some three million miles of oil and gas pipelines already run through our country, but KXL wasnt your average pipeline, and tar sands oil isnt your average crude. [259], TransCanada Corporation responded with a letter by President and CEO Russel K. Girling stating that TransCanada "rejects the EPA inference that at lower oil prices the [Keystone XL Pipeline] Project will increase the rate of oil sands production growth and accompanying greenhouse gas emissions". [23][24] At the time of the project's cancellation, approximately 8% of the pipeline had been constructed. [201] Critics say that a major leak could ruin drinking water and devastate the mid-western U.S. "[181] A Wall Street Journal article in March 2014 points out that the main reason oil producers from the North Dakota Bakken Shale region are using rail and trucks to transport oil is economics not pipeline capacity. Indeed, one study found that between 2007 and 2010, pipelines moving tar sands oil in Midwestern states spilled three times more per mile than the U.S. national average for pipelines carrying conventional crude. Press Esc to cancel. Dec. 14 2022, Published 4:37 p.m. In 2013, the first two phases had the capacity to deliver up to 590,000 barrels (94,000m3) per day of oil into the Midwest refineries. Since this Keystone XL project will pass through the Sandhills region, a spill accident on a large scale in the future could cause severe damage to this environmentally sensitive region. Its time to accelerate our transition to the clean energy sources that will power a prosperous future.. [248][249], In December 2010, the No Tar Sands Oil campaign, sponsored by action groups including Corporate Ethics International, NRDC, Sierra Club, 350.org, National Wildlife Federation, Friends of the Earth, Greenpeace, and Rainforest Action Network, was launched. Fact: This Keystone XL project will bring oil from Canadas oil sands to Gulf Coast in Texas. [109], Since 2010, there were concerns that a pipeline spill could threaten the Ogallala Aquifer, one of the world's largest fresh water reserves. [65], On November 6, 2015, the Obama administration rejected the Keystone XL pipeline project, citing economic and environmental concerns. In short, tar sands oil represents no small threat to our environment, and our best stance against it, as the rallying cry goes, is to keep it in the ground.. President Obama's recent rejection [51][76][needs update], In November 2018, U.S. District Judge Brian Morris (District of Montana) enjoined construction of the pipeline and vacated the new permit because the policy reversal violated the Administrative Procedure Act, the National Environmental Policy Act, and the Endangered Species Act. Heineman: Pipeline Re-Routing is Nebraska Common Sense", "Editorial: Tar Sands and the Carbon Numbers", "Draft Supplementary Environmental Impact Statement (SEIS)", "November spill from Keystone pipeline larger than first estimated", "Keystone Pipeline spill in South Dakota twice as big as first thought", "Keystone Pipeline leaks 210,000 gallons of oil in South Dakota", "Keystone pipeline leak in South Dakota about double previous estimate: paper", "National Transportation Safety Board Pipeline Accident Brief", "The Keystone Pipeline oil spill was nearly twice as big as TransCanada said", "PHMSA: Stakeholder Communications Operator Information", "Keystone pipeline shut after spilling 9,000 barrels of oil in N. Dakota", "Keystone Pipeline Leak 10 Times Worse than Expected", "South Dakota Keystone XL opponents point to N. Dakota spill", "Oil prices rise after keystone pipeline leak", "Milepost 14 Incident TC Energy actively responding to oil incident", "Investigators, cleanup crews begin scouring oil pipeline spill in Kansas", "Keystone Pipeline shuts down after oil leak, halting flow of 600,000 barrels a day", "House members say tar sands pipeline will undermine clean energy future", "Enviro Groups, 50 Congressmen Mobilize Against Keystone XL", "Key US lawmaker opposes Canadian oil sands pipeline", "Pressure in U.S. mounts against oilsands pipeline", "How Much Will Tar Sands Oil Add to Global Warming? [184], In the year before the 2012 United States presidential election, McKibben and other activists mounted pressure on then-President Obama, who was running for re-election. The Keystone Pipeline System is an oil pipeline system in Canada and the United States, commissioned in 2010 and owned by TC EnergyAs of March 2020, the Government of Alberta. 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