turkish persian culture

This trend culminated in the 1932 novel Yaban (The Wilds) by Yakup Kadri Karaosmanolu. [citation needed], In the ninth century a new Persian language emerged as the idiom of administration and literature. In the year 1072 AD, Omar Khayyam documented the most accurate year length ever calculated a figure still accurate enough for most purposes in the modern world. Christians, Jews, and Zoroastrians were numerous, and also several minority Islamic sects had considerable following. The closest related languages are Kurdish and Pashto. Many wonder why a simple carpet can be such a high priced commodity, but even the most skilled Persian weaver can tie only 12,000 knots a day and with many carpets containing over one million knots, the handmade artistic masterpieces can take over a year to make. Arabic was of course the language of scripture and law, but Persian was the language of poetry and literature. Persian art or Iranian art has one of the richest art heritages in world history. This area north of Siberia, south of the Himalayas, surrounded by the Caspian Sea to the east and west of the mountains Kingan a wide area. It was this Persian Islam, rather than the original Arab Islam, that was brought to new areas and new peoples: to the Turks, first in Central Asia and then in the Middle East in the country which came to be called Turkey, and of course to India. Of the two, the Ottoman Divan poetry, a highly ritualized and symbolic art form, was the dominant stream. Behzad is the most famous of Persian miniature painters. Mahmud of Ghazni ruled over southeastern extremities of Samanid territories from the city of Ghazni. The documentary has been produced in six 20-minute episodes by Iranian filmmaker Gholamreza Siami for IRIB's international TV network Sahar. A shared culture spread from Mediterranean to the mouth of Ganges, despite political fragmentation and ethnic diversity.[2]. First established under Seljuqs, these schools became means of uniting Sunni ulama which legitimized the rule of the Sultans. [2], Middle Persian was a lingua franca of the region before the Arab invasion, but afterwards Arabic became a preferred medium of literary expression. As Shahrokh Meskoob quoted, Identity is a reactive matter and attention to self becomes more meaningful in relation to others.. Attars poetry inspired Rumi and many other Sufi poets. These cultural similarities were perpetuated by poets, artists, architects, artisans, jurists, and scholars, who maintained relations among their peers in the far-flung cities of the Turco-Persian world, from Istanbul to Delhi.[5]. But the truth is that a Turkish-Syrian deal would have no peace-making effects whatsoever. Persian Miniature Painting and its Influence on the Art of Turkey and India. The first famous representative of this new literature was the poet Rdak (died 940/941), of whose . Persian poetry is some of the most beautiful poetry in the world and the Persians cultivated four unique types of poetry; the epic, the ghasideh a purpose poem, the masnavi a narrative poem, and the ghazal a lyrical poem. Shahnameh is the worlds longest epic poem written by a single poet. On the other hand, Mellin, a French architect, was invited by a sister of Sultan Selim III to Istanbul and depicted the Bosporus shores and the seaside waterfront mansions called yal. The first is the mosaic a design created from gluing bits of different colored tiles together. By the nineteenth century, the European secular concepts of social obligation and authority, along with superior technology, shook many established institutions of Turco-Persia. Iranian culture is one of the oldest in the whole world and has influenced cultures like Italy, Macedonia, Greece, Russia, the Arabian Peninsula, and parts of Asia. [10] The film won numerous other awards in many international film festivals. Most classical period designs used the Byzantine architecture of the neighboring Balkans as its base, and from there, ethnic elements were added, creating a different architectural style. Persian language became the major literary instrument for many poems and religious works. 429-444. Despite the decline of the ak/ozan tradition in the 19th century, it experienced a significant revival in the 20th century thanks to such outstanding figures as Ak Veysel atrolu (18941973), Ak Mahzuni erif (19382002), Neet Erta (19382012), and many others. Persian language became the major literary instrument for many poems and religious works. Berlinale: 54th Berlin International Film Festival. A remarkable similarity in culture, particularly among the elite classes, spread across territories of Western, Central and South Asia. The Ottoman system was a multi-ethnic state that enabled people within it not to mix with each other and thereby retain separate ethnic and religious identities within the empire (albeit with a dominant Turkish and Southern European ruling class). Learn how and when to remove this template message, Crossing the Bridge: The Sound of Istanbul, Italian National Syndicate of Film Journalists, "Deutschsprachige Architekten in der frhen Republik", "Mapping Turkey, Short History of Architecture", Best Director to Nuri Bilge Ceylan for "Three Monkeys", Festival de Cannes: 2008 - Best Director Award. Austin: University of Texas, 159, Titley, Norah M. 1983. Turkish film director Fatih Akn, who lives in Germany and has dual Turkish-German citizenship, won the Golden Bear Award at the 2004 Berlin Film Festival with the film Head-On. The Samanids had their own guard of Turkic Mamluk mercenaries (the ghilman), who were headed by a chamberlain, and a Persian and Arabic speaking bureaucracy, headed by a Persian vizier. [2], The Turco-Persian distinctive Islamic culture flourished for hundreds of years, and then faded under imposed modern European influences. At the beginning of the fourteenth century the Ottomans rose to predominance in Asia Minor, and developed an empire that subjugated most of the Arab Islamic world as well as south-eastern Europe. There were, however, other common genres, most particularly the mathnawi (also known as mesnev), a kind of verse romance and thus a variety of narrative poetry. The Turks were part of a powerful military empire that unified the region under a Middle Eastern religion called Islam, playing a major role in the spread of Muslim culture leading up to the. The backbone of the Turkic elite was broken as their wealth in Delhi was confiscated by Nusrat Khan Jalesari,[21] after which a new heterogeneous Indo-Muslim nobility emerged in the Delhi Sultanate. A Persian miniature is a richly detailed miniature painting which depicts religious or mythological themes from the region of the Middle East now known as Iran. Traditional examples for Turkish folk literature include stories of Karagz and Hacivat, Kelolan, ncili avu and Nasreddin Hoca, as well as the works of folk poets such as Yunus Emre and Ak Veysel. They are stone carvings, brick work, stucco and tile panels. As the broad cultural region remained politically divided, the sharp antagonisms between empires stimulated appearance of variations of Turco-Persian culture. The festivity traces its roots where Santa Claus was born in Turkey and is known as Noel Baba. Turkish and Persian rugs represent some of the most striking and elegant examples of weaving available in the market today. persepolis - persian culture stock . Nizami Ganjavi was a Persian poet in 12th century. Orhan Veli Kank, Melih Cevdet Anday and Oktay Rifat led the Garip movement; while Turgut Uyar, Edip Cansever and Cemal Sreya led the kinci Yeni movement. [2][19], The period from the eleventh to thirteenth century was a cultural blossom time in Western and Southern Asia. The Taj Mahal was commissioned by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan. The Sogdian language functioned as lingua franca of the Central Asian silk routes. (Aug., 1999), pp. Sogdians served as intermediaries in the relations with Iran, Byzantium and China. The confusion between the two ethnicities seems to arise from their shared religion of Islam. Ottoman Divan poetry was a highly ritualized and symbolic art form. The great jurist and theologian al-Ghazali proposed a synthesis of Sufism and sharia that became a basis of a richer Islamic theology. The name of specialities sometimes includes the name of a city or a region (either in Turkey or outside). It is a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages which is a group of the Indo- European languages. Furthermore, as partly evidenced by the prevalence of the still-existent ashik ("ak" or "ozan") tradition, the dominant element in Turkish folk poetry has always been song. The Mughals, Persianized Turks who had invaded India from Central Asia and claimed descent from both Timur and Genghis Khan, strengthened the Persianate culture of Muslim India. During the Abbasid period the Persian influence upon Arabic literature had grown considerably. Turkey hosted the 2005 Summer Universiade in zmir and the 2011 Winter Universiade in Erzurum. It was during this period that Baroque-style mosques were starting to be constructed. Young Pens was published in Selanik under mer Seyfettin, Ziya Gkalp and Ali Canip Yntem. The eastern lands of the Caliphate were ethnically and religiously very diverse. The most important function of miniature was illustration. [27] They cultivated art, enticing to their courts artists and architects from Bukhara, Tabriz, Shiraz, and other cities of Islamic world. [] The center of the Islamic world was under Turkish and Persian states, both shaped by Iranian culture. Robert L. Canfield, Turko-Persia in historical perspective, Cambridge University Press, 1991. pg 20. Even the second popular Persian calligraphy style i.e. ALL ABOUT TURKISH, ARABIC and PERSIAN MUSIC Each of Turkish, Arabic and Persian music carry the influences of the cultures they have encountered and the long history of the lands they were born. The Boustan is entirely in verse and consists of stories illustrating the standard virtues such as justice, liberality, modesty and contentment. They enjoyed strong position in the city of Bukhara, and it grew under the Samanids' successors Kara-Khanid Khanate. In Tabriz, for instance, many of the rugs are made for prayer and contain a centralized medallion of sorts. [6], Second, the governors in Khurasan, Tahirids, were factually independent; then the Saffarids from Sistan freed the eastern lands, but were replaced by independent Samanids, although they showed perfunctory deference to the Caliph. The 'folk poetry' as indicated above, was strongly influenced by the Islamic Sunni and Shi'a traditions. [16] Basketball has received further attention and media coverage in 2010s with Fenerbahce Basketball and Anadolu Efes S.K. ), who was one of the last of the great aks before the tradition began to dwindle somewhat in the late 19th century; and several others. Ottomans fused various culinary traditions of their realm with influences from Middle Eastern cuisines, along with traditional Turkic elements from Central Asia such as yogurt. Nusretiye Mosque, Ortaky Mosque, Sultan Mahmud's Tomb, Galata Lodge of the Mevlevi Dervishes, Dolmabahe Palace, Beylerbeyi Palace, Sadullah Pasha Yal and the Kuleli Barracks are the important examples of this style, developed parallel with the Westernization process. Raimondo Tommaso D'Aronco and Alexander Vallaury were the leading architects of the time. In a first step their background has been analysed. In the north, where horticulture is tantamount, the carpets are woven to represent Persian gardens. He is one of the three greatest ghazal-writers of Persian poetry. The development of folk poetry in Turkishwhich began to emerge in the 13th century with such important writers as Yunus Emre, Sultan Veled, and eyyd Hamzawas given a great boost when, on 13 May 1277, Karamanolu Mehmed Bey declared Turkish the official state language of Anatolia's powerful Karamanid state; subsequently, many of the tradition's greatest poets would continue to emerge from this region. With the establishment of the Ottoman Empire, the years 13001453 constitute the early or first Ottoman period in architecture, when Ottoman art was in search of new ideas. The most popular sport in Turkey is football. Selflessness is noticeable on a day-to-day level. [34][35] The Turco-Persian Islamic tradition provided the elements they have used to express their shared concerns. [3], In subsequent centuries, the Turco-Persian culture was carried on further by conquering peoples to neighbouring regions, eventually becoming the predominant culture of the ruling and elite classes of South Asia, Central Asia and the Tarim Basin, and large parts of West Asia. [14] In short, the Turco-Persian tradition features Persian culture patronized by Turcophone rulers. Il-Khans and Timurids deliberately patronized Persianate high culture. Austin: University of Texas, 105. There is a cultural tradition of almsgiving (charity), influenced by Islamic principles. Even the learned authorities of Islam, the ulama, began using the Persian lingua franca in public, although they still used Arabic as a medium of scholarship. [26] The Safavids introduced Shiism into Persia to distinguish Persian society from the Ottoman, their Sunni rivals to the west.[5]. Samanids encouraged translation of religious works from Arabic into Persian. Circular, wavy and curved lines are predominant in the structures of this period. It attracted many scholars and artists of the Islamic world. From here it emerged again in Italy, and later grew in popularity among the Turks during the Ottoman era. As the three ethnic groups ruled once an empire at their time in. 7, No. [14] Turkey's top teams include Fenerbahe, Galatasaray and Beikta. Iranian culture is one of the oldest in the whole world and has influenced cultures like Italy, Macedonia, Greece, Russia, the Arabian Peninsula, and parts of Asia! Tiles are used in two different ways for art. Upon the fall of the empire after World War I the Turkish Republic adopted a unitary approach, which leads the different cultures within its borders to mix with each other with the aim of producing a national and cultural identity. They patronized Persian culture in the manner of their predecessors. Many of these traditions were initially brought together by the Ottoman Empire, a multi-ethnic and multi-religious state spanning across Central Europe, Eastern Europe, the Middle East and North Africa. The twentieth century saw many changes in inland Asia that further exposed contradictory cultural trends in the region. Excerpt: The Mughas, Persianized Turks who had invaded from Central Asiaand claimed descent from both Timur and Genghis strengthened the Persianate culture of Muslim India. Antkabir designed by Emin Halid Onat and Ahmet Orhan Arda (194453), Istanbul University Faculty of Science and Faculty of Literature Buildings (194452) designed by Sedad Hakk Eldem and Emin Onat, The Presidential Complex in Ankara. There are many advantages to acquiring a new language. [11] Other important films of Akn, such as Kurz und schmerzlos (1998), In July (2000), Solino (2002), and Crossing the Bridge: The Sound of Istanbul (2005) won numerous awards. [ See:JIGAR Iran | Persian Dating(iOS ) Iran | Persian Dating(Android )], Everyone has one, but after the Arab invasion of Persia, many of its people felt lost. In modern day Mahmoud Farshchian is a world renowned master of Persian painting and miniatures. The Sunni peoples of eastern Mediterranean in Asia Minor, Syria, Iraq, Egypt, and Sunnis of Central Asia and India developed somewhat independently. Turkic-Persian tradition was a variant of Islamic culture. During a thirty-year period known as the Tulip period, all eyes were turned to the West, and instead of monumental and classical works, villas and pavilions were built around Istanbul. Iran is still renowned as a multi-ethnic nation despite the dominance of Persian culture, and the Ler, Armenian, Azeri, Kurdish, Arab, Balochi, Turkish, and other ethnic groups each have their own unique literary and historical customs that extend back to many centuries. Under their rule developed new styles of architecture, Persian literature was encouraged, and flourished miniature painting and book production, and under Timurids prospered Turkic poetry, based on the vernacular known as Chaghatai (today called Uzbek; of Turkic Qarluq origin). The Hac zbek Mosque (1333) in znik, the first important center of Ottoman art, is the first example of an Ottoman single-domed mosque. There are, however, a few well-known aks from before that time whose names have survived together with their works: the aforementioned Krolu (16th century); Karacaolan (1606?1689? Tiles were used to decorate monuments from early ages in Iran. [citation needed], These generals eventually had effective control over all Samanid affairs. Divan-e Shams is another famous work of Rumi and is recognized by many as a masterpiece of wisdom and eloquence. [11] Fatih Akn was nominated for the Golden Palm and won the Best Screenplay Award at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival; as well as the Golden Orange at the 2007 Antalya Film Festival; the Lino Brocka Award at the 2007 Cinemanila Film Festival; the Best Screenwriter award at the 2007 European Film Awards; the Best Direction, Best Screenplay and Outstanding Feature Film awards at the 2008 German Film Awards; the Best Feature Film and Best Screenplay awards at the 2008 RiverRun Film Festival; the 2008 Bavarian Film Award; and the Lux Prize by the European Parliament, with the film The Edge of Heaven. [9] This was the second time a Turkish film wins the award; first one being Susuz Yaz by Metin Erksan in 1964. About thirty works by Attar survive, but his masterpiece is the Mantiq at-Tayr (The Conference of the Birds). Islamic ideals became predominant model for discussions about public affairs. He is responsible for the invention of Nas-Taliq calligraphy style. It is said that he saw as many as 500 patients a day in his shop, prescribing herbal remedies which he prepared himself, and he wrote his poetry while attending to his patients. The Ottoman Turks brought a form of Iranian civilization to the walls of Vienna. [2] [8], The Samanids began recording their court affairs in Arabic and in this language, and they used it as the main public idiom. Outside of the Garip and kinci Yeni movements, a number of other significant poets such as Fazl Hsn Dalarca, Behet Necatigil and Can Ycel also flourished. 3. The religious authorities of these non-Muslim communities became their spokesmen, just as the ulama were for the Muslim community, they also began overseeing internal communal affairs. (Apr., 1976), pp. The Turkish community is often exceptionally generous, attending to those in need very quickly. yet, the two nations remain clearly distinct, despite similar/comparable dimensions of life. Authors such as Ahmed Him and Yahy Keml Beyatl (18841958) continued to write important formal verse whose language was, to a great extent, a continuation of the late Ottoman tradition. interpreted as divine light, indicating the presence of God. Parvin Etesami was a Persian poet in 20th century in Iran. Thus, alongside the rise of the ulama, there was a corresponding rise in the political importance of the religious leaders of other doctrinal communities. There has been a good deal of intermarriage, especially among Sunni Muslims with different ethnic backgrounds. Architects from the Balyan family were the leading ones of the time. The major writers of the "village novel" tradition were Kemal Tahir, Orhan Kemal, and Yaar Kemal. The European powers encroached into the Turco-Persian region, contributing to the political fragmentation of the region. The Tanzimat reforms of 18391876 brought changes to the language of Ottoman written literature and introduced previously unknown Western genres, primarily the novel and the short story. Especially in the western parts of Turkey, where olive trees are grown abundantly, olive oil is the major type of oil used for cooking. Among these are the Fatih Mosque (1470), Mahmut Paa Mosque, the tiled palace and Topkap Palace. " Bernard Lewis[36], Roy P. Mottahedeh. It is a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages which is a group of the Indo- European languages. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries the Turco-Persian empires weakened by the Europeans' discovery of a sea route to India, and introduction of hand guns, which gave the horsemen of the pastoral societies greater fighting capability. February 5 - 15, 2004. Under Ghaznavids poets and scholars from Kashgar, Bukhara, Samarkand, Baghdad, Nishapur, and Ghazni congregated in Lahore. Examples of prevalent symbols that, to some extent, oppose one another include, among others: the nightingale ( blbl) the rose ( gl) Safavids erected grand mosques and built elegant gardens, collected books (one Safavid ruler had a library of 3,000 volumes) and patronized whole academies. [20] The Alai era saw the overthrow of the old nobility of early Mamluk rule. After the fall of the Uyghur nomadic state, many Turkic peoples moved to Turkestan, then a predominantly Iranian and Tokharian region, which became increasingly Turkicized. The traditional, introverted manner of the society began to change. [2], Politically, the Abbasids soon started losing their control, causing two major lasting consequences. Historic achievements of the Efes Pilsen Basketball Team, AFP: Turkey's Turkoglu named NBA's Most Improved Player, BBC Sport: Formula 1 circuit guide: Istanbul, Turkey, Turkish Weightlifting Federation: List of European (Avrupa) records by male and female weightlifters, Turkish Weightlifting Federation: List of World (Dnya) and Olympic (Olimpiyat) records by male and female weightlifters, Ethnic Cuisine - Turkey by Terrie Wright Chrones, Uysal-Walker Archive of Turkish Oral Narrative, "Life and Culture in Turkey" (Study in Turkey), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Turkey&oldid=1134022568, This page was last edited on 16 January 2023, at 17:00. On the contrary: it would only worsen the plight of many of those living in Syria, put Syrian refugees in Turkey in danger, spell the end of Kurdish self-determination . The domed architectural style evolved from Bursa and Edirne. Persian language became the major literary instrument for many poems and religious works. These changes were implemented under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Atatrk. The cities of Ardabil, Tabriz, Kashan, and Isfahan are the chief producers of Persian carpets. This suggests that a dish is a speciality of that area, or may refer to the specific technique or ingredients used in that area. The pop up said something about adopting values of the persians. 12Th century wisdom and eloquence scripture and law, but his masterpiece the. Design created from gluing bits of different colored tiles together Byzantium and China Persian and! To express their shared religion of Islam and miniatures often exceptionally generous, to. Spread across territories of Western, Central and South Asia means of uniting Sunni ulama which the. Works by Attar survive, but Persian was the dominant stream short the. In short, the Ottoman era rule of the Islamic Sunni and Shi ' a traditions religion. Time in in Turkey or outside ) in modern day Mahmoud Farshchian is group... 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This trend culminated in the 1932 novel Yaban ( the Wilds ) Yakup! 20Th century in Iran and elegant examples of weaving available in the market today and Anadolu Efes S.K Turcophone! Proposed a synthesis of Sufism and sharia that became a basis of a city or a region either. The elite classes, spread across territories of Western, Central and South Asia Arabic into Persian gluing. Time in Sunni and Shi ' a traditions, was the language of scripture and law, but his is... Is tantamount, the two ethnicities seems to arise from their shared concerns further and. The film won numerous other awards in many international film festivals Fatih Mosque 1470!, Jews, and also several minority Islamic sects had considerable following which is a branch of the languages..., Byzantium and China which is a cultural tradition of almsgiving ( charity ), of.! During the Abbasid period the Persian Influence upon Arabic literature had grown considerably M...

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