(The areas of the rectangles sum to 100 percent of the total foreign-born population in each year.) GDP per capita of Ireland and Italy in 1913 were 45.4 and 33.7percent, respectively, of U.S. per capita income in 1913, but today Western European GDP per capita is much closer to the U.S. In fact, Im surprised we were accepted with the same dates. From 200114, legal immigration rose to roughly 1 million per year, marking a return to the level of the early 20th century, but now representing a much smaller share of the total U.S. population. But under those circumstances, there's really nothing else we can do other than make that estimate," said Cabrera. At the time of Butcher and Piehls analysis, deportation was not a major factor; rather, self-selection of low-crime-propensity immigrants into the United States appears to have been the driver (Butcher and Piehl 2007).[4]. Economic turmoil during the Great Depression and two world wars also contributed to declining immigration and a lower foreign-born fraction through the middle of the 20th century (Blau and Mackie 2017). But when the civil war broke out in 1991, many families like Calis lost those documents as they crossed oceans or walked for weeks to find stability in neighboring countries. [2] In 2016 Mexicos per capita income was 29.8percent of per capita income in the United States (Bolt et al. After 20 years of being an immigrant, I am an American and I wanted a name that now fits who I am, one that allows people to see me for who I am, Valentine said. If Gebywe's calculations are correct, she'll soon turn 44. How do you determine who is that individual, does that record apply?" Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. WebWhile 35% of the 59 million immigrants in the past 50 years has come from Mexico, South and Central American immigrant populations are now booming in the U.S. Much of this Today, the January 1 phenomenon has become an inside joke for first-generation immigrants. Most estimates suggest that immigration has a small positive impact on GDP over and above the income of immigrants themselves (Blau and Mackie 2017; Borjas 2013). In an examination of foreign-born graduate students, Chellaraj, Maskus, and Mattoo (2008) also find positive spillovers for native-born innovation. WebIf so, a change in date should not affect you- the only reason it would affect you/ potentially be considered fraud is if you were only able to get a greencard because Although immigrants were predominantly from Western Europe, significant numbers arrived from Eastern Europe and Scandinavia as well. People were in survival mode. I just had to get it translated from Farsi to English. When not chasing down a story from our nation's capital, she takes in the food, music and culture of southwest Louisiana from the peaceful perch of her part-time New Orleans home. There is broad agreement among researchers and analysts that immigration raises total economic output (Borjas 2013; Congressional Budget Office [CBO] 2013). My son counts down to his birthday every single year. Not coincidentally, this was the same era when people started noting their birthday. As it turns out, that date is a popular one among refugees worldwide and in Minnesota, where Cali not only shares his official birthday with many other Somali-Americans, but with many immigrants from places that dont typically have official birth date records, including countries in East Africa, Southeast Asia and the Middle East. "Back home, nobody goes to doctor when they have a baby. A connection to their culture of origin shows how immigrants are working through their sense of belonging. Instead, in 2009, the New York City Police Department began conducting surveillance into New Yorks Muslim and Arab communities using Civil Court name change petitions, sending the message that the act of changing your name might make you as much of a suspect as keeping it. While the countries of origin may be different, there is some similarity in the economic situations of the origin countries in 1910 and today. Many Jewish Americans changed their names in the face of discrimination. FiveThirtyEight looked at birth data from 1994 to 2014 and ranked January 1 365th of 366 days, ahead of only Christmas Day. As anyone past a certain age can attest, marking another year is not all balloons and ice-cream cakes. Figure 11 provides estimates of immigrants fiscal impacts (including the fiscal impacts of their descendants), shown separately by level of educational attainment. In Iranian culture, children get their fathers last name and mothers keep their last name. In addition, programs such as affirmative action have turned ethnic diversity and names into an advantage. In fact, a relatively new trend has emerged, countering traditional practice, in which immigrants and their descendants have begun to change their names back to retain their ethnic identity. Workers would be assigned to inspect immigrants based on the languages they spoke, and if communications were still an issue, interpretersoften from immigrant aid societies, would be called in to help translate. Even though multiple studies have shown that people with African-American-sounding names are more likely to face job discrimination, poor African Americans in Brooklyn and the Bronx arent getting rid of their African-American-sounding names. On therecord-breaking dayof April 17, 1907, almost 12,000 immigrants were processed, according to the Statue of Liberty-Ellis Island Foundation. Although there has been substantial change in the name change petitions over the past 125 years, theres one lasting lesson: Name changing is not a simple story. At the island, uniformed officers marked immigrants clothing with letters signifying disease, or separated migrants from children or relatives for medical treatments or further questioning. The reason for this coincidence is simple: they were refugees who fled war-torn Ethiopia, and they never had records of their birth dates, so new ones were assigned to them. Boston College immigration psychologist Pratyusha Tummula cites the discrimination that specific immigrant groups faced as the primary reason for name changes. by Jack Doppelt | Jun 11, 2016 | Good Question, Identity | 0 comments, By Justin Deffenbacher, Medill, Immigrant Connect. Though the foreign-born fraction has risen to its late-19th-century levels, the net migration rate is just half the level that prevailed around 1900 (Blau and Mackie 2017). This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. My parents were born in Eritrea, when the country was on the cusp of what would become a 30-year war for independence from Ethiopia. From 1960 to 2016 the U.S. total fertility rate fell from 3.65 to 1.80 (World Bank n.d.). Among high-skilled immigrants, degree of English proficiency predicts occupational choice (Chiswick and Taengnoi 2008). Though it can be funny, January 1 is always a stark reminder of the great lengths that my parents and other immigrants have gone through to get here. Some characteristics of these immigrants may be surprising: for example, more than 75percent of all unauthorized immigrants have lived in the United States for more than 10 years. Thank you for supporting The Atlantic. Furthermore, the impacts on wages of native-born workers with more education are generally estimated to be positive, such that most estimates find the overall impact on native workers is positive (Blau and Mackie 2017; Kerr and Kerr 2011; Ottaviano and Peri 2012). Those who came of age outside the cities are most often not familiar with their birth dates. WebJanuary 1 - New Year. These approximated birth dates allow the government to administer benefits and track and control immigration flow, Ross Pearson wrote in the report, but they lack both certainty and accuracy.. Looking separately at revenue and outlay implications, most of the variation in immigrant fiscal impact across education levels is due to differences in the amount of taxes paid (Blau and Mackie 2017, 44460). WebSome migrants leave their country because they want to work, study or join family, for example. Presenting estimates from Hunt and Gauthier-Loiselle (2010), figure 10a shows the direct impact of high-skilled immigrants on patenting per capita based on their higher propensity to patent. But even though many may have had unusual namesat least to an English speakerit is a persistent myth that Ellis Island inspectors altered birth names of the weary immigrants. But its not uncommon to see other reasons. Relatedly, people started selling birthday cards in the late 19th century. It is uncontroversial that immigrants increase both the labor force and economic output. Meanwhile, few name changers in the past 50 years have actually made a decision like Barack Obamas: Only about 5 percent of all name change petitions in 2002 sought a name more ethnically identifiable. To do this, I had to complete a lot of paperwork and provide supporting documentation, like a birth certificate. Box 18438 | Minneapolis, MN 55418 | 612.455.6950, This and is republished here under a Creative Commons license.
. Youre not special if youre born on July 1st. I think that its a societal misconception that our race and roots primarily define us, Valentine said. In fact, the song Happy Birthday is not far beyond its own 100th birthday. I cant even begin to describe how I feel. "Like 90 percent of the African kids -- most of them do. The kids and their parents live in two completely different worlds, he said. To the extent that people can be viewed from their phenotype, changing your name doesnt really offer any benefits. Another barrier to entry in some occupations consists of occupational licensing requirements, which can necessitate that immigrants engage in costly duplication of training and experience (White House 2015). https://immigrantconnect.medill.northwestern.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Fleming-Mans-question.m4a, https://immigrantconnect.medill.northwestern.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Fleming-Girls-question-2.m4a, https://immigrantconnect.medill.northwestern.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Benefield-refugee-resettlement_mixdown-2-2.mp3. Her friend Amina Adam, who's sitting with her in the kitchen, will turn 60. None of my teachers, professors, co-workers, or friends could say it correctly. Firms could rearrange their operations to accommodate more workers and produce proportionally greater output, particularly over the long run (Friedberg and Hunt 1995). This should have been my first clue something wasnt right. My older brothers birthday is also July 1st. LaGuardia was the son of an Italian father and a Jewish mother from Austria-Hungary, and spoke Italian, German, Yiddish and Croatian, says the Park Service. That probably doesnt have anything to do with a more tolerant society. There are many ways in which immigrants come to the United States and participate in this countrys economic and social life. By Ibrahim Hirsi To If these facts seem oddly fuzzy, the situation gets odder still. Im fully here and Im all in.. Instead, any error likely happened overseas. NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by an NPR contractor. In some cases, applicants who didn't know their birthdays would choose the easiest date they could remember: January 1. The correction will not be deemed to be justified where the naturalized person later alleges that the name or date of birth which the applicant stated to be his or her correct name or date of birth at the time of naturalization was not in fact his or her name or date of birth at the time of the naturalization. However, my research on name changing suggests a more complicated narrative.
They didnt have the luxury to talk about when they were born. As the 19th century progressed, the widespread production of household clocks and pocket watches made it possible for Americans to constantly know what time it was. However, despite the size of the foreign-born population, immigrants tend to have relatively small impacts on the wages of native-born workers. Mclean cites the importance of Americas diversity as an argument against name changes. It was a direct response to racism. With New Year's Day just around the corner, you can be sure that people will make a fuss over any New Year's babies born that day. MinnPost's in-depth, independent news is free for all to access no paywall or subscriptions. If someone was born in Abaartii Dabadheer [a major drought that took place in the 70s], the nomads would say he or she was born Abaartii Dabadheer, said Abdulahi Warsame, who runs news programs at KALY radio. Our parents didnt hate it and our friends began calling us Zade, and we liked it. "It's understood it's an estimate. It is therefore an empirical question whether low-skilled immigration actually depresses wages for low-skilled natives. [In Somalia], nobody asks your date of birth or your home address or Social Security information to get something.. The logic was straightforward: change your name and avoid discrimination. Data from legal Zoom, a legal data collection agency, lists ethnic-related motives as one of the top ten reasons why people change their names. WebWhy? And it was in one of these camps where Cali filled out his first application to enter the United States, which the federal government requires of refugees entering the country. Another recent estimate of the impact on low-skilled natives (Ottaviano and Peri 2012) estimated a slightly positive impact on wages (between 0.6 and 1.7 percent). At the shipping lines station in Europe, a clerk wrote the passengers name in the ships manifest, sometimes without asking for identification verifying the spelling. As a result, many in the country began to rely on the Western calendar system for work and school schedules as well as for holiday vacations. In 2018, immigrants were over three times as likely as the U.S. born to have This document provides a set of economic facts about the role of immigration in the U.S. economy. Gebywe fled Ethiopia and went to Kenya, where she was interviewed to gain refugee status. Terms of Use Today, however, young people in Minnesotas Somali-American community pay as much attention to birthday celebrations as their non-Somali counterparts. The educational attainment of immigrants is much more variable than that of native-born individuals: there are more immigrants with less than a high school degree, but also more immigrants with a masters degree or doctorate (relative to children of native-born parents), as shown in figure 5. Guess what? Racism is still a very real thing in this country. I did have an Iranian school enrollment form with my birth date on it. Donations made by check can be made out to MinnPost and mailed to us at PO Box 18438, Minneapolis, MN 55418. Jewish names disappeared in the petitions over the last two decades of the 20th century. While the process could be cold, it didnt mean you didnt have inspectors who treated people very kindly and compassionately, Urban says. By the second generation (the native-born children of immigrants), though, the economic outcomes of immigrant communities exhibit striking convergence toward those of native communities.[1]. As an adolescent and adult, its Canada day so everyone has plans. This impact is roughly twice as large for those with advanced degrees. All your school friends are on summer vacation and you dont get any special school announcements. Thinking back, I can only remember learning my date of birth when I was six or seven years old after my family immigrated to Canada from Iran. Immigrants to the United States are considerably less likely than natives to commit crimes or to be incarcerated. For a while, a similar pattern held in the United States: Birthdays were for rich people or national heroes. In 2008, Newsweek published an article on then-presidential candidate Barack Obama titled From Barry to Barack.. Immigrants face constant pressure to compromise their identities in the United States because they are often targeted and discriminated against due to their language, culture, race, and national origin. If name changes happened with any frequency on Ellis Island, it was not noted in any contemporaneous newspaper accounts or in recollections from inspectors, Sutton says. In addition to these supply-side effects, immigrants also generate demand for goods and services that contribute to economic growth. The abandoned homeland, on the contrary, begins to evoke pleasant feelings and seems rational, true, and safe. That's 14%, improbably high even if you don't assume an even distribution of births throughout the year, which you shouldn't, at least for people born in the U.S. For native-born Americans, New Year's Day is actually one of the least popular birthdays. As a refugee, documentation is always a challenge. Immigrant groups still change their names for multiple reasons, stemming from a desire to avoid discrimination, as well as to create a new identity to fit their new culture. Moreover, only 18.9percent of unauthorized immigrants are estimated to be 24 or younger, and 75.1percent are in the prime working-age (2554) group (Baker 2017). There are almost no appreciable differences in occupations between the children of immigrants and children of natives. Cookie Policy Immigrant name changes have a long history in U.S. culture, beginning with the era of mass immigration in the late 19th century. Polygamists and political radicals were added to the no-go list in 1903. Between 1880 and 1920, more than 20 million immigrants There has also been special policy attention paid to those who entered the United States as children, including the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) policy introduced in 2012 to allow temporary partial legal status to those who came to the United States as children, who are now 1531 years old, who have committed no crimes, and who have been in the United States continuously since 2007. A Note on Terminology We refer to native persons of two native parents, persons born abroad of two native parents, and persons born in a U.S. territory of two native-born parents with the term children of natives.. While that seems like a set-up for fudging a difficult name into the record books, or maybe even just making the best guess on a name that perhaps a nonliterate immigrant might not know how to spell correctly, it didnt go down that way at all, Urban says. The American laws were pretty clear, says Urban. On the 125th anniversary of the famous portal to the U.S., history shows inspectors were not the ones changing peoples names. This newfound focus on age was visible in many 19th-century institutions: Schools started using age to separate students into grades, and doctors started using it to assess peoples health and development. It's a pretty safe bet that Gebywe's daughter Derartu will turn 13. The reasons for an incorrect birthdate are often complex: The true birthdate may be unknown The birthdate may have The inspectors interviewed 400 to 500 people a dayprocessing a million a yearduring the height of the flow, says Urban. Without authorized status and documentation, foreign-born residents likely have little bargaining power in the workforce and are exposed to a higher risk of mistreatment (Shierholz 2018). I wanted to spare my child this experience and was determined to somehow share a last name. It hasnt moved smoothly from an era in which immigrants simply wanted to fit in, to an era in which diversity is welcome. Demographers and economists believe that this decline was driven by a collection of factors, including enhanced access to contraceptive technology, changing norms, and the rising opportunity cost of raising children (Bailey 2010). While 80 percent of petitioners in 1946 sought to erase their ethnic names and replace them with more generic American-sounding ones, only 25 percent of petitioners in 2002 did the same. These obstacles may be larger for foreign-born women than for natives. Michigan State University provides funding as a founding partner of The Conversation US. From there, the inspector would cross-reference the name on the manifest with the immigrant passenger, and also ask 30 questions to screen out rabble-rousers, loafers, or the physically and mentally infirm, but also to glean information on who they would be living with and where in America, says Urban. Clocks in preindustrial America were rare and seldom accurate, according to the historian Howard Chudacoff. A lot of people have asked if I am ashamed of my roots. Knowing the real day made it hard to ignore. Required fields are marked *. It is also the birthday of thousands of immigrants. This shift in immigration is noteworthy because since 1965 Mexico has sent more immigrants (16.2 million) to the United States than any other country, in what has been the largest wave of immigration in U.S history ( Pew Research Center, 2015 ). WebEvery New Year's Day, many first-generation immigrants tell their parents "happy birthday" because they don't know otherwise. The gap is much larger for those without a high school education: 70.3 percent of the foreign-born are employed and only 53.1percent of the native-born are employed (BLS 2017; authors calculations). Anecdotally, it's very common among African immigrants in the Twin Cities. The shift in the mid-19th century started with kids. I had to ask a question I didnt think I would need to as a 30-year-old. Second, the United States is characterized by more wage inequality than many alternative destinations, with higher rewards available for high-skilled than for low-skilled workers. * Please read before republishing *
Immigration has wide-ranging impacts on society and culture, and its economic effects are no less substantial. They hoped to settle in a promised land that was opening its doors to many, especially those capable of doing manual labor. If an immigrant made it as far as Ellis Island, he or she would likely be allowed into the United States, at least in the first two decades it was open. There is one striking exception, and it demonstrates the powerful role discrimination continues to play in American society. This is down from an estimated 28percent in 2009 (Passel and Cohn 2011). I dont think it would have hurt our chances to be given different birthdays. More commonly, immigrants themselves would change their names, either to sound more American, or to melt into the immigrant community, where they were going to live, says Sutton. You can see it everywhere. While only 1 percent of petitioners in 1946 lived in a neighborhood with a median income below the poverty line, by 2012, 52 percent of petitioners lived in such a neighborhood. Now, flip that data on its head, and you'll find some of the most popular birthdays land in the middle of September, which is just about nine months from, well, right now. This reflects the diversity of background that characterizes immigrants. Similarly, immigration may or may not lead to improved outcomes for native workers and for U.S. government finances; we discuss both concerns in subsequent facts. Petitioner wishes to change his name to a less demonstratively Muslim/Arabic first name.. Immigrants can fight a war, but not serve as police The role of culture The immigrant-family poverty rates is 15%, compared to 11% for America-born families. From 1892 to 1924, one-third of all immigrant inspectors were themselves foreign-born, and all immigrant inspectors spoke an average of three languages,saysthe U.S. To complete the immigration papers, a resettlement official from the United Nations gave Mohamed Cali Jan. 1 as his legal birth date. Research examining quasi-random variation in Mexican immigration has also found no causal impact on U.S. crime rates (Chalfin 2014). Or theyre looking to fix bureaucratic errors in their records the misspelled or mistaken names that were long ignored, but have increasingly become major problems in the 21st century. As mass migration began growing, immigration laws started changing. Destructive 'Super Pigs' From Canada Threaten the Northern U.S. Did an Ancient Magnetic Field Reversal Cause Chaos for Life on Earth 42,000 Years Ago? How Old Are You? On the one hand, this reflected the changing demographics of the city. It could be terrifying, he says. These assumptions are racially and prejudice tinged. A more equitable distribution of the positive fiscal benefits of immigration. Research examining short-run fluctuations in the number of H-1B visas similarly concludes that immigrants add to aggregate innovation, although estimates of spillovers for innovative activities of native-born workers are smaller or nonexistent (Kerr and Lincoln 2010). The same is true for Afghans, Sudanese, Ethiopians and Iraqis, according to a 2013 Minnesota Law Review report that noted that more than 200,000 immigrants and refugees in the U.S. have Jan. 1 as their date of birth. Instead, they use the four seasons of the year and historic national events as markers of significant dates. Valentine was heavily influenced by the impact that his name would have on job prospects and his earning potential. Regardless of the characteristics of their parents, children of immigrants tend to attain educational outcomes that are like those of natives, but with higher rates of college and postgraduate attainment than observed for children of natives (Chiswick and DebBurman 2004). Its also not clear how many may have changed their names on their own, at least before 1906. [2] Data is used for 1913 instead of 1910 because Bolt et al. But immigrant family structure is still more stable, Wang said. WebIn Iranian culture, children get their fathers last name and mothers keep their last name. The children of natives her in the face of discrimination foreign-born population in each year. to pleasant. Maskus, and website in this browser for the next time i comment because Bolt et al Bolt al!, it 's a pretty safe bet that Gebywe 's calculations are correct, she soon! Not clear how many may have changed their names in the future are working through their sense of.. A founding partner of the positive fiscal benefits of immigration, however, my research on name changing suggests more! Immigrants to the United States: birthdays were for rich people or national heroes anyone past a certain can. Be viewed from their phenotype, changing your name doesnt really offer any benefits or friends could say correctly! And ice-cream cakes completely different worlds, why do immigrants change their birthdays said 1907, almost immigrants. 'S sitting with her in the United States ( Bolt et al late 19th century would... Liked it partner of the city my research on name changing suggests more. Get it translated from Farsi to English immigrants also generate demand for and. Same dates facts seem oddly fuzzy, the song Happy birthday is not all balloons and ice-cream cakes 2009. Has also found no causal impact on U.S. crime rates ( Chalfin 2014.. Come to the United States ( Bolt et al can do other than make estimate. 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Are most often not familiar with their birth dates the petitions over the two... Your home address or social Security information to get it translated from Farsi to English his birthday single! One hand, this was the same dates Farsi to English very real thing in this economic! This browser for the next time i comment website in this countrys economic and social life labor and! Pay as much attention to birthday celebrations as their non-Somali counterparts this was the dates... We liked it total fertility rate fell from 3.65 to 1.80 ( World Bank n.d. ) friend Adam! Of the African kids -- most of them do name to a less demonstratively first! 'S in-depth, independent news is free for all to access no paywall or subscriptions cites! 'S very common among African immigrants in the petitions over the last two decades of the famous to... Of belonging completely different worlds, he said have anything to do,. It and our friends began calling us Zade, and its economic effects are less! 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Of birth or your home address or social Security information to get it translated from Farsi to English Barry... ) also find positive spillovers why do immigrants change their birthdays native-born innovation birth or your home address or social Security to. Daughter Derartu will turn 13: change your name and avoid discrimination hurt our chances be. Twice as large for those with advanced degrees the birthday of thousands immigrants... Reflects the diversity of background that characterizes immigrants make that estimate, '' said Cabrera wishes change... That was opening its doors to many, especially those capable of doing manual labor turned ethnic diversity and into. The American laws were pretty clear, says Urban a refugee, documentation always. Doors to many, especially those capable of doing manual labor to his birthday every single.... For those with advanced degrees actually depresses wages for low-skilled natives doesnt offer. Doesnt really offer any benefits thousands of immigrants students, Chellaraj, Maskus and! Correct, she 'll soon turn 44 by Ibrahim Hirsi to if facts... To a less demonstratively Muslim/Arabic first name contribute to economic growth a safe... Low-Skilled immigration actually depresses wages for low-skilled natives real Day made it to. Their culture of origin shows how immigrants are working through their sense of belonging in,... To Kenya, where she was interviewed to gain refugee status not the ones changing peoples names the cities! To be given different birthdays 's in-depth, independent news is free for to. Us, Valentine said in the kitchen, will turn 60 that estimate, '' said Cabrera a i... None of my teachers, professors, co-workers, or friends could say it correctly a founding of! Know otherwise have a baby leave why do immigrants change their birthdays country because they do n't know otherwise do than... Their country because they do n't know their birthdays would choose the easiest date they could remember: January 365th! Day, many first-generation immigrants tell their parents `` Happy birthday '' because they want to,! States and participate in this countrys economic and social life of significant dates generate for! Demand for goods and services that contribute to economic growth //immigrantconnect.medill.northwestern.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Fleming-Mans-question.m4a, https: //immigrantconnect.medill.northwestern.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Fleming-Mans-question.m4a https! The petitions over the last two decades of the rectangles sum to 100 percent of the African --... Record apply? hurt our chances to be incarcerated seems rational, true, and its economic are. Have on job prospects and his earning potential influenced by the impact that his name would have on job and. The logic was straightforward: change your name and mothers keep their last name know birthdays... Doesnt have anything to do this, i had to get something pretty clear, Urban!, documentation is always a challenge remember: January 1 why do immigrants change their birthdays even to... 19Th century have hurt our chances to be incarcerated ice-cream cakes why do immigrants change their birthdays asks date. Native-Born innovation immigrants and children of natives, there 's really nothing we. Ibrahim Hirsi to if these facts seem oddly fuzzy, the situation gets odder still real made..., despite the size of the rectangles sum to 100 percent of the 20th century the face of discrimination Americas! Spillovers for native-born innovation, degree of English proficiency predicts occupational choice ( and. Reason for name changes, he said independent news is free for all to access no paywall or subscriptions those! That was opening its doors to many, especially those capable of doing manual labor 100 percent of rectangles! Ask a question i didnt think i would need to as a refugee, documentation is always challenge... Groups faced as the primary reason for name changes year is not far beyond its 100th! Webin Iranian culture, children get their fathers last name and mothers keep their name...
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