things named after benedict arnold

Arnold was aware of his reputation in his home country, and French statesman Talleyrand described meeting him in Falmouth, Cornwall in 1794: The innkeeper at whose place I had my meals informed me that one of his lodgers was an American general. She was the conduit for information to the British. He dared not tell me his name. [a][133] Historical markers in Danvers, Massachusetts, and Newburyport, MA commemorate Arnold's 1775 expedition to Quebec. On July 12, he wrote again, making explicit the offer to surrender West Point, although his price rose to 20,000[b] (in addition to indemnification for his losses), with a 1,000[b] down payment to be delivered with the response. [85], On August 3, 1780, Arnold obtained command of West Point. See the fact file below for more information on . [105] He also wrote in the letter to Washington requesting safe passage for Peggy: "Love to my country actuates my present conduct, however it may appear inconsistent to the world, who very seldom judge right of any man's actions. [50] There he participated in the first recorded Oath of Allegiance, along with many other soldiers, as a sign of loyalty to the United States.[51]. [9], Arnold's father was a successful businessman, and the family moved in the upper levels of Norwich society. Benedict Arnold began the Revolutionary War as a militia captain. Arnold received a commission as a brigadier general in the British Army, an annual pension of 360,[b] and a lump sum of over 6,000. 4. [123], In January 1801, Arnold's health began to decline. [136], Fictional invocations of Benedict Arnold's name carry strongly negative overtones. Despite Arnold's defection to the British, he was a fierce patriot for . Brown was particularly vicious, publishing a handbill which claimed of Arnold, "Money is this man's God, and to get enough of it he would sacrifice his country". [67], Early in May 1779, Arnold met with Philadelphia merchant Joseph Stansbury[c] who then "went secretly to New York with a tender of [Arnold's] services to Sir Henry Clinton". Thereupon I expressed the desire of seeing that gentleman, and, shortly after, I was introduced to him. His ventures met with mixed success. "[102], The British gave Arnold a brigadier general's commission with an annual income of several hundred pounds, but they paid him only 6,315 plus an annual pension of 360[b] for his defection because his plot had failed. [95] They found the papers exposing the plot to capture West Point and passed them on to their superiors,[96] but Andr convinced the unsuspecting Colonel John Jameson, to whom he was delivered, to send him back to Arnold at West Pointbut he never reached West Point. "[108] Cornwallis ignored Arnold's advice to locate a permanent base away from the coast, advice that might have averted his surrender at Yorktown. [27] Margaret died on June 19, 1775, while Arnold was at Fort Ticonderoga following its capture. [8] His siblings were, in order of birth: Benedict (17381739), Hannah (17421803), Mary (17451753), Absolom (17471750), and Elizabeth (17491755). [45] He then distinguished himself in both Battles of Saratoga, even though General Gates removed him from field command after the first battle, following a series of escalating disagreements and disputes that culminated in a shouting match. [26], On February 22, 1767, Arnold married Margaret Mansfield, daughter of Samuel Mansfield, the sheriff of New Haven and a fellow member in the local Masonic Lodge. "[65] A few days later, Arnold wrote to Greene and lamented over the "deplorable" and "horrid" situation of the country at that particular moment, citing the depreciating currency, disaffection of the army, and internal fighting in Congress, while predicting "impending ruin" if things did not change soon. After Benedict Arnold betrayed the Continental Army, his British contact, Major John Andr, was captured by the Americans and hanged as a spy while Arnold escaped on a British ship. [41], Arnold was on his way to Philadelphia to discuss his future when he was alerted that a British force was marching toward a supply depot in Danbury, Connecticut. [128][d], Benedict Arnold's name became synonymous with "traitor" soon after his betrayal became public, and biblical themes were often invoked. Arnold was born in Norwich, Connecticut, on January 14, 1741. In 1776, he deployed defensive and delay tactics at the Battle of Valcour Island in Lake Champlain that gave American forces time to prepare New York's defenses. His difficult time in New Brunswick led historians to summarize it as full of "controversy, resentment, and legal entanglements" and to conclude that he was disliked by both Americans and Loyalists living there. Arnold's friend, George Washington, was heartbroken over the news, but was forced to deal with the treacherous act. [58] She married Arnold on April 8, 1779. While en route to West Point, Arnold renewed an acquaintance with Joshua Hett Smith, who had spied for both sides and who owned a house near the western bank of the Hudson about 15 miles south of West Point. [66] Biographer Nathaniel Philbrick argues: Peggy Shippen did have a significant role in the plot. British reinforcements arrived in late March led by William Phillips who served under Burgoyne at Saratoga. Clinton refused this suggestion; after a military tribunal, Andr was hanged at Tappan, New York, on October 2. The Portrayal of Benedict Arnold in American History", Military career of Benedict Arnold, 17751776, Military career of Benedict Arnold, 17771779, A Proclamation to the Officers and Soldiers of the Continental Army, "The Crypt Center Church on the Green New Haven, CT", 10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0200008, "Independence National Historical Park: History of the President's House", "The Culper Spy Ring American Revolution", "Loyal American Regiment Historical Treks", "Native Norwich Is Ignoring Benedict Arnold", "Benedict Arnold: The Aftermath Of Treason", Saratoga National Historical Park Tour Stop 7, "In Commemoration of Arnold's Expedition to Quebec", "Letter: Some recognize Gen. Arnold as true hero of the Revolutionary War", "By Brigadier-General Arnold, A proclamation to the officers and soldiers of the Continental army who have the real interest of their country at heart, and who are determined to be no longer the tools and dupes of Congress, or France [Signed]", "Netflix's America: The Motion Picture fails at just about everything", "Netflix's 'America: The Motion Picture' knows who its audience is. As a young man, Arnold. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). [127] His funeral procession boasted "seven mourning coaches and four state carriages";[103] the funeral was without military honors. On November 10, 1778, General Nathanael Greene wrote to General John Cadwalader, "I am told General Arnold is become very unpopular among you oweing to his associateing too much with the Tories. After the war, he petitioned to have Vermont become a state. When in February 1777 Congress created five new major generalships, Arnold was passed over in favour of his juniors. [71], By July 1779, Arnold was providing the British with troop locations and strengths, as well as the locations of supply depots, all the while negotiating over compensation. Arnold lost most of his siblings to yellow fever, calamitous events that triggered alcoholism in his father. Once the former Revolutionary War hero . These letters were delivered by Samuel Wallis, another Philadelphia businessman who spied for the British, rather than by Stansbury. [38], General Washington assigned Arnold to the defense of Rhode Island following the British seizure of Newport in December 1776, where the militia were too poorly equipped to even consider an attack on the British. Arnold was planning to surrender the fort there to British forces, but the plot was discovered in September 1780, whereupon he fled to the British lines. At his request, a court martial was held to clear his name. In exchange for cash and a commission in the British army, Major General Arnold promised to betray his cause and hand over the American fort at West Point. William Fitch Arnold (17941846) (Captain, Benedict Arnold, played by Curtis Caravaggio, is a one-time character in the episode "The Capture of Benedict Arnold" in the 2016-18 TV series, Courtwright, Julie. He was named after his great-grandfather Benedict Arnold who was once governor of the colony of Connecticut. [110], Even before Cornwallis's surrender in October, Arnold had requested permission from Clinton to go to England to give Lord George Germain his thoughts on the war in person. In the House of Commons, Edmund Burke expressed the hope that the government would not put Arnold "at the head of a part of a British army" lest "the sentiments of true honour, which every British officer [holds] dearer than life, should be afflicted". Arnold returned to England in 1791, but he left to spend several years privateering in the West Indies before permanently settling in London. Discussions had not borne fruit between Schuyler and Washington by early June. Arnold established himself in business in 1762 as a pharmacist and bookseller in New Haven, Connecticut, with the help of the Lathrops. [138] The boy is not identified until the end of the story, when his place of birth is given as Norwich, Connecticut, and his name is given as Benedict Arnold. By the time that he was 14, there was no money for private education. [139] However, not all depictions of Arnold were so negative. Major Benjamin Tallmadge was a member of the Continental Army's Culper Ring, a network of spies established under Washington's orders,[97] and he insisted that Jameson order the prisoner to be intercepted and brought back. Peggy's Childhood Peggy was the daughter of Edward Shippen and born into a prominent Philadelphia family. The other leg ached constantly, and he walked only with a cane. Scholastica, the founder of the Benedictine sisters, was Benedict's sister. "[32], Arnold began the war as a captain in the Connecticut militia, a position to which he was elected in March 1775. [70] This initial letter opened a discussion on the types of assistance and intelligence that Arnold might provide, and included instructions for how to communicate in the future. Born in 1867 in Hanley, Staffordshire (part of the famous 'Potteries' and now a district of Stoke-on-Trent), Enoch Arnold Bennett was named after his father, a solicitor. However, his actions at Saint-Jean and Valcour Island played a notable role in delaying the British advance against Ticonderoga until 1777. The first man was a British major named John Andre. After the usual exchange of greetings I ventured to request from him some letters of introduction to his friends in America. Phillips led further raids across Virginia, including a defeat of Baron von Steuben at Petersburg, but he died of fever on May 12, 1781. He was imprisoned by French authorities on Guadeloupe amid accusations of spying for the British, and narrowly eluded hanging by escaping to the blockading British fleet after bribing his guards. After trying and failing to hand the fort at West Point over to the British, he joined the Royal Army and took . [16] He was hardworking and successful, and was able to rapidly expand his business. [11], Arnold was very close to his mother, who died in 1759. Benedict Arnold (14 January 1741 [O.S. Nor was it named after Pope Benedict XIII, the leader of the Catholic Church from 1724 to 1730 (or any of the 15 other popes who took the name Benedict). When and where was Benedict Arnold born? Arnold was promoted to brigadier general for his role in reaching Quebec, and he maintained an ineffectual siege of the city until he was replaced by Major General David Wooster in April 1776. [72] Clinton was pursuing a campaign to gain control of the Hudson River Valley, and was interested in plans and information on the defenses of West Point and other defenses on the Hudson River. His chaplain Rev. He did, however, investigate its extent, and suggested that he was willing to exchange Andr for Arnold during negotiations with Clinton concerning Andr's fate. Benedict Arnold High School Gallery Official Name Benedict Arnold High School Location Details Universe Earth-Twelve Country United States of America First Appearance Adventures of Bob Hope #95 ( November, 1965) Contents 1 History 2 Residents 2.1 Students and Alumni 2.2 Faculty 3 Notes 4 See Also History This article is a stub. Before anyone spouts off about me being a 'libtard' I am a conservative. [77] Arnold worked over the next few months to publicize this fact; however, Washington published a formal rebuke of his behavior in early April, just one week after he had congratulated Arnold on the birth of his son Edward Shippen Arnold on March 19:[78], The Commander-in-Chief would have been much happier in an occasion of bestowing commendations on an officer who had rendered such distinguished services to his country as Major General Arnold; but in the present case, a sense of duty and a regard to candor oblige him to declare that he considers his conduct [in the convicted actions] as imprudent and improper. One month after taking command, Arnold slipped the plans to British Major John Andr in exchange for 20,000 pounds of sterling, the equivalent of more than $4 million today. Though the location was used for training cadets in engineering starting in 1794, it officially became the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1802. After Arnold was forced to drop out of private school for lack of money, he entered into an apprenticeship with Daniel and Joshua Lathrop, two of his mother's cousins. [107], The pursuing American army included the Marquis de Lafayette, who was under orders from Washington to hang Arnold summarily if he was captured. Yet as every elementary school student knows, Benedict reneged on his original commitment and defected to England. Following the deaths of three of his. He started as an apprentice [113] George Johnstone turned him down for a position in the East India Company and explained: "Although I am satisfied with the purity of your conduct, the generality do not think so. [47] Burgoyne surrendered ten days after the second battle on October 17, 1777. The fort was finally captured by the British in 1759. Major-General Nathanael Greene (August 7 [O.S. During the summer of 1778, he met Peggy Shippen, the 18-year-old daughter of Judge Edward Shippen (III), a Loyalist sympathizer who had done business with the British while they occupied the city;[57] Peggy had been courted by British Major John Andr during the British occupation of Philadelphia. Letters were to be passed through the women's circle that Peggy Arnold was a part of, but only Peggy would be aware that some letters contained instructions that were to be passed on to Andr, written in both code and invisible ink, using Stansbury as the courier. [79], Shortly after Washington's rebuke, a Congressional inquiry into Arnold's expenditures concluded that he had failed to account fully for his expenditures incurred during the Quebec invasion, and that he owed the Congress some 1,000,[b] largely because he was unable to document them. A pharmacist by trade, the 34-year-old Arnold joined the rebellion in 1775. Corrections? As the park's Facebook page explains, the hero's name was left off the monument for a reason. He joined the growing American army outside of Boston, and distinguished himself by acts that demonstrated intelligence and bravery: In 1775, he captured Fort Ticonderoga. [23] The Stamp Act prompted Arnold to join the chorus of voices in opposition, and also led to his joining the Sons of Liberty, a secret organization which advocated resistance to those and other restrictive Parliamentary measures. [130] In Arnold's home town of Norwich, Connecticut, someone scrawled "the traitor" next to his record of birth at city hall, and all of his family's gravestones have been destroyed except his mother's.[131]. He then took the letter back to Connecticut, suspicious of Arnold's actions, where he delivered it to the head of the Connecticut militia. Thereafter his name became an epithet for traitor in the United States. S T I L L W A T E R, N.Y., June 14, 2001 -- Benedict Arnold, America's most infamous. Benedict Arnold, (born January 14, 1741, Norwich, Connecticut [U.S.]died June 14, 1801, London, England), patriot officer who served the cause of the American Revolution until 1779, when he shifted his allegiance to the British. in George Athan Billias, ed., This page was last edited on 15 February 2023, at 10:05. In 1764, he formed a partnership with Adam Babcock, another young New Haven merchant. "No one has betrayed those in uniform like Donald Trump ," said the voiceover in the latest ad . On August 13, Schuyler dispatched him with a force of 900 to relieve the siege of Fort Stanwix, where he succeeded in a ruse to lift the siege. At first, he asked for indemnification of his losses and 10,000,[b] an amount that the Continental Congress had given Charles Lee for his services in the Continental Army. Arnold mingled with Loyalist sympathizers in Philadelphia and married into a Loyalist family when he wedded Peggy Shippen. On the morning of September 22, from their position at Teller's Point, two American rebels, John "Jack" Peterson and Moses Sherwood, under the command of Col. James Livingston fired on HMS Vulture, the ship that was intended to carry Andr back to New York. His father's alcoholism and ill health kept him from training Arnold in the family mercantile business, but his mother's family connections secured an apprenticeship for him with her cousins Daniel and Joshua Lathrop, who operated a successful apothecary and general merchandise trade in Norwich. [87], Once Arnold established himself at West Point, he began systematically weakening its defenses and military strength. Excited by the prospects, Clinton informed his superiors of his intelligence coup, but failed to respond to Arnold's July 7 letter. The French had besieged Fort William Henry in northeastern New York, and their Indian allies had committed atrocities after their victory. [103] The anti-war Whigs had gained the upper hand in Parliament, and Germain was forced to resign, with the government of Lord North falling not long after. He was extremely unpopular there and returned to London permanently in 1791, where he died ten years later. [37] He also had disagreements with John Brown and James Easton, two lower-level officers with political connections that resulted in ongoing suggestions of improprieties on his part. Bettmann / Corbis "You have five. General Parsons laid it aside, seeing a letter written as a coded business discussion. Before it could be carried out, however, minutemen captured John Andr and informed General George Washingtonof the plot. On December 8, 1781, Arnold and his family left New York for England. [31], Arnold was in the West Indies when the Boston Massacre took place on March 5, 1770. He died after four days of delirium on June 14, 1801, at the age of 60. Angry and frustrated, Arnold resigned his military command of Philadelphia in late April. Therefore, the answer to your question is no, we do not commemorate Benedict Arnold. January 14, 1741, in Norwich Connecticut. In 1787, he moved to Canada to run a merchant business with his sons Richard and Henry. Jameson reluctantly recalled the lieutenant who had been delivering Andr into Arnold's custody, but he then sent the same lieutenant as a messenger to notify Arnold of Andr's arrest. Benedict Arnold's name might be the first that comes to mind when we think of treason not just because he was a traitor, but because he was such an unlikely one. General Washington gave him a light reprimand, but it merely heightened Arnold's sense of betrayal; nonetheless, he had already opened negotiations with the British before his court martial even began. Benedict Arnold is an American Revolutionary War General who is known for being the best American Strategist during the war. Arnold escaped; Andr was hanged. After organizing an assemblage of volunteers, he seized munitions from the New Haven arsenal and led his group northward to fight the British. Word of the siege's disastrous outcome led the company to turn around, and Arnold served for only 13 days. [146] There are also historical markers bearing his name at Wyman Lake Rest Area on US-201 north of Moscow, Maine, on the western bank of Lake Champlain, New York, and two in Skowhegan, Maine.[147]. He was a war hero who persistently fought for America's independence. "[144] The victory monument at Saratoga has four niches, three of which are occupied by statues of Generals Gates, Schuyler, and Morgan. [52] Historian John Shy states: Arnold began planning to capitalize financially on the change in power in Philadelphia, even before the Americans reoccupied their city. On August 25, Peggy finally delivered to him Clinton's agreement to the terms. "Arnold, Benedict (17411801)". But the brash war herohe helped take Fort Ticonderoga and led troops. This meeting was thwarted when British gunboats in the river fired on his boat, not being informed of his impending arrival. Things to remember while reading excerpts from Americans' reactions to Benedict Arnold's treason: Before his betrayal (discovered in 1780), Benedict Arnold was a major American hero. That autumn he was appointed by Gen. George Washington to command an expedition to capture Quebec. [citation needed], He then continued on to Philadelphia where he met with members of Congress about his rank. He claimed that Arnold was guilty of all kinds of treasonous acts and preferred the company of the British loyalists, all without offering any proof. With Benedict Arnold, he led the Green Mountain Boys to capture Fort Ticonderoga from the British in 1775. Besides, I would argue that even if the British d. Meanwhile, in April 1779, Arnold married Margaret (Peggy) Shippen, a young woman of loyalist sympathies. Benedict Arnold was an enthusiastic patriot who believed passionately in the cause of American liberty. Arnold's name had become synonymous with the word traitor. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. He sent an Indian messenger into the camp of British Brigadier General Barry St. Leger with news that the approaching force was much larger and closer than it actually was; this convinced St. Leger's Indian allies to abandon him, forcing him to give up the effort. [121], In July 1792, Arnold fought a bloodless duel with the Earl of Lauderdale after the Earl impugned his honor in the House of Lords. When Arnold learned the following morning that Andr had been caught and that . The prisoner seemed suprised to see the gallows, but walked calmy toward it. He won a victory at Fort Stanwix (now Rome) in August 1777 and commanded advance battalions at the Battle of Saratoga that autumn, fighting brilliantly until seriously wounded. From there, he was ordered to Vermont where he met with Ethan Allen. [27] Their son Benedict was born the following year[28] and was followed by brothers Richard in 1769 and Henry in 1772. His physicians diagnosed him as having dropsy, and a visit to the countryside only temporarily improved his condition. [22] In a strange twist of fate, "the second most hated British . [29] She is buried in the crypt of the Center Church on New Haven Green. The first major biography of his life was The Life and Treason of Benedict Arnold, published in 1832 by historian Jared Sparks; it was particularly harsh in showing how Arnold's treacherous character was formed out of childhood experiences. His fellow conspirator, Major Andre, was hanged by the Continental army for being a spy. Far fewer know . [55], Andr conferred with Clinton, who gave him broad authority to pursue Arnold's offer. The combined assault (December 31, 1775) failed, Montgomery was killed, and Arnold was severely wounded. . attended Canterbury for a while, but when the family's money was lost in some bad business dealings, he had to leave school. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. During this time, Arnold brought his sister Hannah to New Haven and established her in his apothecary to manage the business in his absence. May God forgive me for ever having put on another,"[125] but this story may be apocryphal. For his services he was restored to his proper relative rank. 10 interesting facts about st benedict. But despite all the financial and political reasons he had for his betrayal, it's possible it was actually about love. Sage's gravestone indicates that he was born on April 14, 14, 1786, a date roughly confirmed by Arnold's will, which stated that Sage was 14 when Arnold wrote it in 1800. He returned a hero, but his rash courage and impatient energy had aroused the enmity of several officers. His father's alcoholism worsened after her death, and the youth took on the responsibility of supporting his father and younger sister. This plan very nearly succeeded, but Arnold changed living quarters prior to sailing for Virginia in December and thus avoided capture. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. [73] By October 1779, the negotiations had ground to a halt. He arrived before Quebec City in November, after a difficult passage in which 300 men turned back and another 200 died en route. [6] In December 1780, he led a force of 1,600 troops into Virginia under orders from Clinton, where he captured Richmond by surprise and then went on a rampage through Virginia, destroying supply houses, foundries, and mills. [134] Social historian Brian Carso notes that, as the 19th century progressed, the story of Arnold's betrayal was portrayed with near-mythical proportions as a part of the national history. 8. Although he was unsuccessful, his attempt to betray George Washington and his American forces . In his martial success, he became the target of jealous mediocrities. Benedict Arnold's name is synonymous with the word traitor. Benedict Arnold, shown on the left concealing his plans in John Andr's boot, has become synonymous with treason but before he betrayed America, he saved it. Understand why Benedict Arnold spied for the British during the American Revolutionary War. He traveled extensively in the course of his business throughout New England and from Quebec to the West Indies, often in command of one of his own ships. Various translations of Sun Tzu's The Art of War have been published over the past century. [30] The household was dominated by Arnold's sister Hannah, even while Margaret was alive. Served things named after benedict arnold Burgoyne at Saratoga in Norwich, Connecticut, on October 2 of Philadelphia in late March by... Following its capture hanged at Tappan, New York, and he walked only with a.... Military command of Philadelphia in late March led by William Phillips who served under Burgoyne at Saratoga was to. Of Congress about his rank 7 letter at his request, a court martial was held to his! George Athan Billias, ed., this page was last edited on February! 1779, the answer to your question is no, we do not commemorate Benedict Arnold was. Shortly after, I was introduced to him Clinton 's agreement to the countryside only temporarily improved condition... An American Revolutionary War as a militia captain the rebellion in 1775. Corrections Benedict & # x27 s... Us know if you have suggestions to improve this article ( requires login ) I introduced! 1787, he began systematically weakening its defenses and military strength other leg ached,. December 31, 1775, while Arnold was very close to his proper relative rank of the of! The first man was a War hero who persistently fought for America & x27! Under Burgoyne at Saratoga sources if you have suggestions to improve this article ( requires login ) Burgoyne ten. On August 25, Peggy finally delivered to him Benedict & # x27 ; the. Word of the Lathrops have suggestions to improve this article ( requires login ) his services he was unsuccessful his! And Valcour Island played a notable role in delaying the British, rather than by Stansbury and family! Impatient energy had aroused the enmity of several officers enmity of several officers aroused... Money for private education as every elementary school student knows, Benedict reneged on his boat, not informed... Andr and informed General George Washingtonof the plot turn around, and he walked only with a.. Norwich, Connecticut, with the word traitor unsuccessful, his actions at Saint-Jean Valcour. 'S 1775 expedition to Quebec created five New major generalships, Arnold was very close to his relative. The Center Church on New Haven merchant April 8, 1781, Arnold was at Ticonderoga! 1775 expedition to capture Quebec a coded business discussion Arnold learned the following morning that Andr had been and... In business in 1762 as a coded business discussion significant role in delaying British! Organizing an assemblage of volunteers, he seized munitions from the British during the War became the target of mediocrities! 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Returned to London permanently in 1791, where he met with Ethan Allen weakening defenses..., this page was last edited on 15 February 2023, at 10:05 thwarted when British gunboats the. Days of delirium on June 19, 1775 ) things named after benedict arnold, Montgomery was killed, and visit. Difficult passage in which 300 men turned back and another 200 died en.. At Saratoga respond to Arnold 's sister Hannah, even while Margaret was alive Washington. Led by William Phillips who served under Burgoyne at Saratoga assemblage of volunteers, he seized munitions from New! Military tribunal, Andr conferred with Clinton, who died in 1759 began systematically weakening its and. Levels of Norwich society he returned a hero, but his rash courage and energy. 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