The new nation state system also created a situation in which many cultural communities in the Middle East became underrepresented minorities. Three of them, plus their coach, were stateless. After World War I, the Western allies drew up plans to create a "Kurdistan," but those were quashed when the Treaty of Lausanne drew up the borders for Turkey out of the old Ottoman Empire, with no provision for this country. The Kurds currently reside in Iraq, Iran, Syria, and Turkey, but they have not established an internationally-recognized state based on their national identity. [ S ] a large group of people of the same race who share the same language, traditions, and history, but who might not all live in one area: the Navajo nation More examples The debate about food safety has engaged the whole nation. In the case of Brazil, many nations, particularly in the Amazon, only learned that such a thing as a "country" existed upon contact with Brazilian outsiders, sometimes in recent decades. 1 - Territories of the stateless nations of Mexico with over 100,000 Indigenous language speakers. As not all states are nation states, there are ethnic groups who live in multinational states without being considered "stateless nations". A multistate nation is a group of people with a shared ethnic or linguistic culture that resides in multiple states. Sign up to highlight and take notes. In this case, you were able to incorporate a stateless nation into your answers for both Part A and Part B. A total of 5.5 million Palestinians are registered with the UNRWA and since Palestine is still not its own country, those 5.5 million are widely considered to be stateless. Various cultural communities came to consider themselves nations and were also able to establish a modern nation-state based on that identity. The rest are distributed in one or more states. The Kurds currently reside in Iraq, Iran, Syria, and Turkey, but they have not established an internationally-recognized state based on their national identity. An Introduction to Stateless Nations A stateless nation is a special case of national political systems, but nonetheless crucial to understanding political geography. One example of a stateless nation is the Kurds, who are an ethnic group native to the Middle East and are spread across parts of Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and Syria. Minoritize is a verb used in the social sciences to critically describe the processes which create inequity between groups in a given country. College Board expects you to understand that events of the past have shaped the contemporary political map and to be able to explain the structure of the contemporary political map as well as different political entities, including stateless nations. Kosovo is an ethnic Albanian state unrecognized by UN member Serbia, which claims it, and many other countries that are allies of Serbia. These often differ from cultural boundaries. But without papers, their children couldn't apply for citizenship, leaving them in a stateless limbo. When a community lacks representation in a countrys system of government and/or cultural definition of citizenship, it is sometimes referred to as minoritization. Minoritize is a verb used in the social sciences to critically describe the process which creates inequity between groups in a given country (see Key Concept below). Without citizenship, stateless people have no legal protection and no right to vote, and they often lack access to education, employment, health care, registration of birth, marriage or death, and property rights. [14] Some nations have been victims of "carve out" and their homeland was divided among several countries. Diverse Religious Identities of the Middle East, Prayer, A Part of Daily Life for Muslims Around the World, The Mystical Tradition of Sufism, or Tasawwuf, The Middle East and the Impact of Imperialism, The U.S. and Post-Bandung Imperial Dominance, The Middle East Studies Center at the Ohio State University, Chapter Three: The Middle East and the Impact of Imperialism. These five stateless groups Rohingya, Roma, Nubians, Bidoon and Yao are just a select few from an extensive list. American Unilateralism and the Middle East, Part 17. Create and find flashcards in record time. It's a tough neighborhood: Kurds are spread across a region known as Kurdistan, comprising the highlands of northern Syria, eastern Turkey, northern Iraq, and parts of Iran. Nor are most stateless people refugees. Untold numbers of Roma remain stateless in the Balkans and mainland Europe. To take an example from Arabic speaking communities of the Middle East. There is no universally accepted definition of what constitutes a state, [1] or to what extent a stateless group must be independent of the de jure or de facto control of states so as to be considered a society by itself. It was a defeat for the Church, but a victory for increased individualism in regard to spirituality and group belonging. The delegates were linked with the Scottish group SNP Friends of Catalonia, which itself had members recently visit the Catalan parliament in Barcelona in a show of solidarity to the country's hopes of self-determination. Empires, nation-states, city-states, and kingdoms are just a few examples of political entities. To see how you can do this, lets look at an example question about political geography from a past exam and see how we can incorporate the concept of a stateless nation. Just wait. Another treaty came into effect instead, depriving your people of statehood, and you're back to square one. Stateless nations are either dispersed across a number of states (for example, the Kurdish people are found in Iraq, Turkey, Iran, Armenia and Syria), or they form the native population of a province within a larger state (such as the Uyghur people in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region within the People's Republic of China). Nations inhabiting a homeland; their existence goes unrecognized by their country's government. Essentially, it refers to a people without a state. Because there are thousands of nations, it isn't practical to list them, but it is helpful to know some categories for distinguishing them: Most ethnic nations have a homeland in only one state, though they may have members in a diaspora as well. Create flashcards in notes completely automatically. The first Roma migrated from Northern Indian between the 13th and 15th centuries, and the Romani language still shares many words in common with Hindi. Nomadic groups, for example in the Sahara, often move across international borders without going through border checkpoints. According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the world is host to 12 million people who don't officially belong to any state. It is often a product of colonial dynamics mentioned earlier in this chapter, as settler communities from Europe have often, but not always, been the dominant group in this scenario. 26 febrero, 2023. True. Thus nation-states are not as common as often assumed, and stateless nations are the overwhelming majority of nations in the world. (and of course equivalents in other languages) may be okay in one country but offensive in another. Since no government recognizes them, they can't get a birth certificate, attend school, see a doctor, own property or get married. With thousands of nations in the world and less than 200 countries, the issue of stateless nations is often seen as a sort of Pandora's box from the point of view of the established 193 UN member countries. For example, the homelands of most of Mexico's 70 nations, Brazil's 300 nations, Nigeria's up to 400 nations, and Papua New Guinea's over 600 nations are entirely within those countries. Historically occupied the. Kurds got the short end of the straw when borders in western Asia were drawn and redrawn. The Kurds are the largest stateless nation. The Middle East and the Impact of Imperialism, Part 3. A nation, or a people, is usually referred to asqawm in Arabic. Are you a teacher or administrator interested in boosting AP Human Geography student outcomes? We visit five prominent stateless nations to find out how they got that way. A stateless nation is an ethnic group or nation that does not possess its own state [1] and is not the majority population in any nation state. Keys to Understanding the Middle East by Alam Payind and Melinda McClimans is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Identify your study strength and weaknesses. The examples are too numerous to list. The Kutupalong refugee camp in Bangladesh is the largest of its kind in the world, home to more than 600,000 Rohingya Muslim refugees from neighboring Myanmar (formerly Burma). The Kurds are an example of a nation.Thus the correct option is B.. What are Kurds? Contents Kurds Rohingya Palestinians Roma They were stripped of their nationality on February 9 and 15. It is the culmination of laws, educational practices and popular culture that favor the perspectives and interests of the more powerful group. In the summer of 2018, the world was fixated on the plight of 12 young soccer players and their coach trapped inside a flooded cave in Thailand. Palestine is not a country, even though 136 member states of the United Nations recognize Palestine as its own sovereign state. What are examples of a stateless nation? The rest are multinational states: their territorial boundaries contain the territories of more than one ethnic nation. By registering you get free access to our website and app (available on desktop AND mobile) which will help you to super-charge your learning process. It was later adopted and popularized by Scottish scholars such as David McCrone, Michael Keating and T. M. You will most likely be given choices that are descriptions of stateless nations, with you having to choose the correct answer or you will be given the description of a stateless nation, and you have to choose the correct term from the given choices. [26][27][28][29] Stateless nations sometimes show solidarity with other stateless nations and maintain diplomatic relations.[30][31]. The Treaty of Westphalia in the 17th Century ended the Thirty Years War and created many of the boundaries in Europe which remain definitive it also gave the right for each territory to choose its own form of worship. The Kurds are one of the largest stateless nations, with over 20 million people dispersed throughout six countries: Syria, Iraq, Turkey, Iran, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. These group names can vary over time and may depend on preferences. A federal US commission on international religious freedom has alleged that National Register of Citizens (NRC) in Assam is a tool to "target religious minorities and to render Muslims stateless". The map of the Middle East is diverse already with Arabic, Hebrew, Turkish and Persian linguistically defining the political borders not the monolithic image most people have of the Middle East as an exclusively Arabic-speaking place. Nationalists in the countries where Kurds live tend to see Kurdish cultural identity as a threat to their local nationalism. In this article, we will discuss what a stateless nation is, look at examples of stateless nations, The favoring of a united single state is also associated with unionism (Pakistani nationalism, Indian nationalism, Chinese nationalism,[32] British nationalism, Spanish nationalism, Russian nationalism). Stateless Nation: A nation that does not comprise the majority of the population in the country where its homeland is located, or in any other country. One result of this was a power struggle between secular forces, i.e., princes and local rulers, and the Church. Stateless Nation - there can be thousands of these, Native Americans are all statless nations, no official borders or sovereignty, Palestine, Tibet, Basque are all examples, the largest stateless nation by population are the Kurds (30 million people spread in 6 countries. The following is a list of ethnic and national groups where there exist notable independence movements as evidenced by standalone Wikipedia articles. The GPFG, for example, still holds investments of over 1.38 billion NOK in the German utility RWE. In a narrower sense, the term is limited to ethnic nations that have sought and been denied or not yet achieved statehood, or are discriminated against in the countries where they form minorities. 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