nickname of confederate soldiers

They took slavery for granted as one of the Southern rights and institutions for which they fought, and did not feel compelled to discuss it. Soldiers from slaveholding families were overrepresented by 100%: Nonslaveholding farmers are underrepresented in the Confederate sample. South: Also called the Confederacy, the Confederate States of America, or (by Northerners) the Rebel states, the South incorporated the states that seceded from the United States of America to form their own nation. An acrimonious and controversial debate was raised by a letter from Patrick Cleburne[106] urging the Confederacy to raise black soldiers by offering emancipation; Jefferson Davis refused to consider the proposal and issued instructions forbidding the matter from being discussed. There was plenty of meat in the Confederacy. The New Larned History for Ready Reference, Reading, and Research. Probably the most common way the two sides in the conflict are referred to is "the North" and "the South," designating respectively the states, mostly in the northern regions of the country, that did not secede from the United States and the states that did secede and joined together in a new polity, and these states were all located in the southern parts of the United States. For example, on August 19, 1862, General Stonewall Jackson approved the court-martial sentence of execution for three soldiers for desertion, rejecting pleas for clemency from the soldiers' regimental commander. To fully understand the vast changes the war unleashed on the country, you must first understand the plight of the Southerners who didn't want secession", "The Civil War News & Views Open Discussion Forum", "Memory: Frederick Douglass' Black Confederate", "Real Confederates Didn't Know About Black Confederates", "The Most Pernicious Idea: 150 Years Later", "Confederate Law authorizing the enlistment of black soldiers, March 13, 1865, as promulgated in a military order", "Understanding Fort Pillow: 'Full and Ample Retaliation', "SECTION III.DesertersPrisoners of warHostagesBooty on the battle-field", INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES IN THE FIELD, "West Points of the Confederacy: Southern Military Schools and the Confederate Army". "They forced their negroes to load their cannon," reported a U.S. officer. [100] They stated that it was incongruous with the Confederacy's goals and views regarding African Americans and slavery. [44] One Louisianan artilleryman stated, "I never want to see the day when a negro is put on an equality with a white person. The best estimates of the number of deaths of Confederate soldiers appear to be about 94,000 killed or mortally wounded in battle, 164,000 deaths from disease and between 26,000 and 31,000 deaths in Union prison camps. "Justice Has Something to Do with It: Class Relations and the Confederate Army." By Kershaw's own account, at first, he denied the request, but later he relented. [118] As a response, in May 1863, the Confederacy passed a law demanding "full and ample retaliation" against the United States, stating that any black person captured in "arms against the Confederate States" or giving aid and comfort to their enemies would be turned over to state authorities, where they could be tried as slave insurrectionists; a capital offense punishable with a sentence of death. The overwhelming support most Confederates had for maintaining black slavery was the primary cause of their strong opposition to using African Americans as armed soldiers. "[114], In other cases, under explicit orders from their commanders, Confederate armies would often forcibly kidnap free African American civilians during their incursions into Union territory, sending them south into Confederate territory and thus enslaving them, as was the case with the Army of Northern Virginia when it invaded Pennsylvania in 1863. In the action that followed, he and his unit inflicted heavy casualties on the Union attackers. Compiled service records are files of cards that abstract original military records relating to an individual soldier. By the time the war ended in 1865, about 180,000 Black men had served as soldiers in the U.S. Army. In war, enemy soldiers are given nicknames. [43], One Confederate soldier from Texas gave his reasons for fighting for the Confederacy, stating that "we are fighting for our property",[44] contrasting this with the motivations of Union soldiers, who, he claimed, were fighting for the "flimsy and abstract idea that a negro is equal to an Anglo American". 14 day loan required to access EPUB and PDF files. In the actual armed conflicts of the Civil War, the two sides had numerous nicknames for themselves and each other as a group and individuals, e.g., for Union troops Federals and for the Confederates rebels, rebs or Johnny reb for an individual Confederate soldier. Slavery was less salient for most Confederate soldiers because it was not controversial. Davis proposed an army of 100,000 soldiers in his message to Congress on April 29. [113] He noted that some Confederates brought along "their body servants, who in many cases had grown up with them" and that "on occasion some of those body servants were known to have picked up a rifle and fought. The Confederate Congress gave control over military operations, and authority for mustering state forces and volunteers to the President of the Confederate States of America on February 28, 1861, and March 6, 1861. The majority of Confederate soldiers were under 30 years of age. Its Anglicized spelling Yankee could, in this way, have been used to mock Dutch colonists. Since these figures include estimates of the total number of individual soldiers who served in each army at any time during the war, they do not represent the size of the armies at any given date. The blunted nose of the shell was designed to increase its wind resistance . Confederate . [92], During the siege of Yorktown, The United States Army's elite sniper unit, the 1st United States Sharpshooters, was devastatingly effective at shooting Confederate artillerymen defending the city. Information available about a soldier includes his name, unit, and rank. The abstracts made from the original records were carefully checked to ensure that the abstracts were accurate.. Our site is COPPA and kidSAFE-certified, so you can rest assured it's a safe place for kids to grow and explore. The Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System (CWSS) is a database containing information about the men who served in the Union and Confederate armies during the Civil War. Two to four divisions usually formed a corps. In this capacity he negotiated several treaties, one such treaty was the Treaty with Choctaws and Chickasaws conducted in July 1861. On December 13, 1862, Kirkland's unit had formed at the stone wall at the base of "Marye's Heights" near Fredericksburg, Virginia. U.S. Civil War Era Uniforms and Accouterments, collections/strong/Duke University Libraries Digital Collections William Emerson Strong Photograph Album, 1st Confederate Battalion, Forney's Regiment, Confederate Enlistment Oaths and Discharges of the Army of the State of Georgia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Confederate_States_Army&oldid=1140479607, March 6, 1861: 100,000 volunteers and militia, January 23, 1862: 400,000 volunteers and militia. All U.S., Confederate Soldiers Compiled Service Records, 1861-1865 results for Franz Khler. Others point to less overtly political reasons to fight, such as the defense of one's home and family, or the honor and brotherhood to be preserved when fighting alongside other men. Presbyterians were even more active, with 112 missionaries sent in early 1865. [27], The Confederate Congress enacted several more amendments throughout the war to address losses suffered in battle as well as the United States' greater supply of manpower. During the Jim Crow era and even through the MLKing years of peaceful demonstrations, more than 700 monuments were part of roughly 1,500 symbols (such as naming schools, streets and Army bases) of the Confederacy in public spaces. An exact Results 1-20 of 67 View Record Name Birth Date Enlistment Date Enlistment Place Rank; To get better results, add more information such as Birth Info, Death Info or Locationeven a guess will help. Mostabout 90,000were former . I am a 75 year old Christian White woman from Idaho, WA and CA and your comments make me feel like you need to rewrite history in order to feel good about your heritage instead of making things RIGHT. "[126], Incomplete and destroyed records make an accurate count of the number of soldiers who served in the Confederate army impossible. To learn more, click on the seal or go to www.kidsafeseal.com. What. Former Confederate secretary of state Robert Toombs said "In my opinion, the worst calamity that could befall us would be to gain our independence by the valor of our slaves instead of our own " and complained using black troops would be "a surrender of the entire slavery question. Sergeant Kirkland's actions remain a legend in Fredericksburg to this day. [93] Even Georgian governor Joseph E. Brown noted that "the country and the army are mainly dependent upon slave labor for support. They were paid in Confederate currency. Although the two forces were to exist concurrently, little was done to organize the Confederate regular army.[18]. The task of compiling these records for Confederate soldiers began in 1903. Collections; . [40] He stated that while the American rebel colonists of the 1770s saw an incongruity between owning slaves on the one hand, and proclaiming to be fighting for liberty on the other, the Confederacy's soldiers did not, as the Confederate ideology of white supremacy negated any contradiction between the two: Unlike many slaveholders in the age of Thomas Jefferson, Confederate soldiers from slaveholding families expressed no feelings of embarrassment or inconsistency in fighting for their liberty while holding other people in slavery. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. [1] Ironically, the proportion of Union soldiers who wrote about the slavery question was greater, as the next chapter will show. reb. In the actual armed conflicts of the Civil War, the two sides had numerous nicknames for themselves and each other as a group and individuals, e.g., for Union troops "Federals" and for the Confederates "rebels," "rebs" or "Johnny reb" for an individual Confederate soldier. [105], Though most Confederates were opposed to the idea of using black soldiers, a small number suggested the idea. Educate, entertain, and engage with Factmonster. Please note that the Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System contains just an index of the men who served in the Civil War with only rudimentary information from the service records (including name, rank and unit in which they served). Required fields are marked *. on the Internet. Every life entered the prism at its own angle and was refracted in its own way. There were seven full generals in the CSA; Steven G. Collins, "System in the South: John W. Mallet, Josiah Gorgas, and uniform production at the confederate ordnance department.". This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. There is a ready explanation for this apparent paradox. In the actual armed conflicts of the Civil War, the two sides had numerous nicknames for themselves and each other as a group and individuals, e.g., for Union troops "Federals" and for the Confederates "rebels," "rebs" or "Johnny reb" for an individual Confederate soldier. Army) or lieutenant generals. In addition to the Indians, I will receive all white male citizens, who are good marksmen. For more information about Fold3. Cavalry regiments from Texas, for example, often used red insignia and at least one Texas infantry regiment used black. However people in some counties in the northeast section were very loyal to the Union. Parker stated that had he been given an opportunity, he would have turned against his Confederate captors, and "could do it with pleasure". Kirkland responded, "All right, sir, I'll take my chances.". Branch colors were used for the color of chevronsblue for infantry, yellow for cavalry, and red for artillery. By the time Abraham Lincoln took office as President of the United States on March 4, 1861, the seven seceding slave states had formed the Confederate States. web pages This database contains records of Confederate soldiers who served in military organizations that were formed by the Confederate Government. Your email address will not be published. Confederate - a supporter of the Confederate States of This database contains an index to compiled service records (CSRs) for soldiers who served with units in the Confederate army. Regiments were commanded by colonels. Robert E. Lee, the most celebrated general of the Confederacy, was known to refer to opposing Union forces as simply "those people." ), A total of 75% of Confederate soldiers served as infantrymen, 20% served as cavalrymen and 5% served as artillerymen (Lanser 10.). on June 25, 2020, There are no reviews yet. 35,000 worksheets, games, and lesson plans, Spanish-English dictionary, translator, and learning. most of the battlefields were located in Confederate states. The Northern soldiers nicknames were the Yankees or Yanks. Kirkland gathered all the canteens he could carry, filled them with water, then ventured out onto the battlefield. Believing that local troops should be used only for the defense of Georgia,[69] Brown tried to stop Colonel Francis Bartow from taking Georgia troops out of the state to the First Battle of Bull Run.[70]. Confederate casualties for all these reasons are unavailable. Capture a web page as it appears now for use as a trusted citation in the future. General Sherman's total warfare reduced the ability of the South to produce food and ship it to the armies or its cities. [121], James McPherson states that "Confederate troops sometimes murdered black soldiers and their officers as they tried to surrender. Get a free answer to a quick problem. The last name, Johnnies, is said to have originated in a quarrel between two pickets, which began by the Union mans saying that the Confederates depended on England to get them out of their scrapeThe Union mansaid that a Reb was no better than a Johnny Bull, anyhowThe name stuck, and in the last part of the war the Confederate soldiers were almost universally called Johnnies., Confederate soldiers were called rebels because, at the time, the American Civil War was known as the War of the Rebellion. Since the Confederates were fighting against their own country in this rebellion, they were called rebels.. Another informal name for the entire southern region, which persists today in fact, is "Dixie," after the title of a popular song at the time which became the unofficial anthem of the Confederacy (or perhaps sometime during the Civil War it may have been officially designated as the South's anthem, I'm not sure). 116162. Although only 20% of a sample of 429 Southern soldiers named slavery as the main reason they were fighting in the war, there was a reason for that, according to McPherson: Slavery was less salient for most Confederate soldiers because it was not controversial. This could differ with some units, however, depending on available resources or the unit commander's desire. Armies of more than one corps were commanded by (full) generals. However, when Kirkland asked if he could show a white handkerchief, General Kershaw stated he could not do that. They promised to give us our freedom and money besides, but none of us believed them; we only fought because we had to." Copy. number is not known. Johnny, or just plain Reb. [1] While the story seems to have been embellished, earlier sources show that it was not just made up by Kershaw, and has a plausible core. CREATIVE. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. [107] It would not be until Robert E. Lee wrote the Confederate Congress urging them that the idea would take serious traction. William Holland Thomas, the adopted white son of the chief of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians, recruited hundreds of Cherokees for the Confederate army, particularly for Thomas' Legion. Name that Criminal 55%. He received a moderate education during his youth, as was typical during that era. ', "The South's Inner Civil War: The more fiercely the Confederacy fought for its independence, the more bitterly divided it became. The manual used by doctors in the CSA. In 1864, the Confederates burned down Chambersburg, a Pennsylvania city they had raided twice in the years before, due to its failure to pay an extortion demand. Union slodiers - Yanks or Yankees . << Previous: National Park . greyback - Dictionary Definition "Johnny' was applied as a nickname for Confederate soldiers by the Federal soldiers in the American Civil War; `greyback' derived from their grey Confederate uniforms" "As nouns the difference between confederate and greyback Union nickname for Confederate soldiers because of their gray Coupled with the U.S. blockade of all ports the devastation of plantations, farms and railroads meant the Confederacy increasingly lost the capacity to feed its soldiers and civilians. U.S., Confederate Service Records, 1861-1865, U.S., Union Soldiers Compiled Service Records, 1861-1865, Provided in association with National Archives and Records Administration. In his 1997 book For Cause and Comrades, which examines the motivations of the American Civil War's soldiers, historian James M. McPherson contrasts the views of Confederate soldiers regarding slavery with those of the colonial American revolutionaries of the 18th century. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. [10] Lincoln was determined to hold the forts remaining under U.S. control when he took office, especially Fort Sumter in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina. Nichols Publishing Co, 1922.Lanser, Amanda. BOYCOTT. Some of these soldiers were drafted into the Confederate Army while others joined willingly. Educated soldiers drew upon their knowledge of American history to justify their costs. For Free. They took slavery for granted as one of the Southern 'rights' and institutions for which they fought, and did not feel compelled to discuss it. Confederate soldiers also frequently suffered from inadequate supplies of shoes, tents, and other gear, and would be forced to innovate and make do with whatever they could scrounge from the local countryside. One list provides names of Confederate soldiers who died in either Confederate or Union hospitals in Harrodsburg, Lexington, and Danville, KY. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Estimates range from 500,000 to 2,000,000 soldiers who were involved at any time during the war. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. [43] After U.S. President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, some Confederate soldiers welcomed the move, as they believed it would strengthen pro-slavery sentiment in the Confederacy, and thus lead to greater enlistment of soldiers in the Confederate army. The rhetoric of liberty that had permeated the letters of Confederate volunteers in 1861, grew even stronger as the war progressed. 4 - Un anuncio Audio Listen to this radio advertisement and write the prices for each item listed. Occasionally, a single corps might operate independently as if it were a small army. The Roster of Confederate Soldiers, 1861-1865 Daniel Library Stacks Call Number E548 .H4. The braid was sometimes left off by officers since it made them conspicuous targets. While on the march or in parade formation, Confederate armies often displayed a wide array of dress, ranging from faded, patched-together regulation uniforms; rough, homespun uniforms colored with homemade dyes such as butternut (a yellow-brown color), and even soldiers in a hodgepodge of civilian clothing. According to Civil War historian James M. McPherson, in his book For Cause and Comrades, most Confederate volunteers stated they were fighting for liberty as well as slavery while many of the Union soldiers stated they fought to end slavery and preserve the union. Confederate guerrillas were called bushwhackers. To avoid postponing recognition for their valor, those nominated for the awards had their names placed on a Roll of Honor, which would be read at the first dress parade after its receipt and be published in at least one newspaper in each state. Many of their soldiers deserted, returned home, and formed a military force that fought off regular army units trying to punish them. former british soldier, refused to charge lower rents. The army did not have a formal overall military commander, or general in chief, until late in the war. The unsolvable problem was shipping it to the armies, especially when Lee's army in Virginia was at the end of a long, tenuous supply line. Sheehan-Dean, Aaron. Some states (such as North Carolina) were able to better supply their soldiers, while other states (such as Texas) were unable for various reasons to adequately supply their troops as the war continued. He was the fifth son of Mary and John Kirkland. Hone your math skills with our flashcards! "[53], Some soldiers also deserted from ideological motivations. "Dogface" A World War II and Korean War Soldier. The Choctaws, who were expecting support from the Confederates, got little. Civil War By The Numbers. Journal of the Senate at an Extra Session of the General Assembly of the State of Georgia, Convened under the Proclamation of the Governor, March 25, 1863, p. 6. [79], By 1863, Confederate generals such as Robert E. Lee often spent as much time and effort searching for food for their men, as they did in planning strategy and tactics. Most historians agree that, no matter what he thought about when he went into the war, the experience of combat affected him profoundly and sometimes affected his reasons for continuing to fight. Former british soldier, refused to charge lower rents operate independently as if it were a number... Or Yanks nose of the battlefields were located in Confederate states used red insignia and at least one infantry... Sent in early 1865 as was typical during that era from Texas, for example often. Formal overall military commander, or general in chief, until late in the U.S. army. 18... One Texas infantry regiment used black Congress urging them that the idea contains records of Confederate volunteers 1861. A white handkerchief, general Kershaw stated he could carry, filled them with water, then ventured onto... Individual soldier Choctaws and Chickasaws conducted in July 1861 wrote the Confederate army. 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And nickname of confederate soldiers unit inflicted heavy casualties on the seal or go to www.kidsafeseal.com however!

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