jean pierre lafitte son of jean lafitte

[18] Seamen flocked to the island, working on the docks or at the warehouses until they were chosen as crew for one of the privateers.[19]. [64] He formally requested clemency for the Lafittes and the men who had served under them. When Patterson's men went ashore, they met no resistance. The couple had six children, including at least three daughters. Sur le plateau de Canal+Sport, Jean-Louis Moncet a vu son propos tre partag par Margot Lafitte. [85] For the first time, Lafitte was legally authorized to take Spanish ships. He was four years younger than his more capable brother, Pierre. In 1821, the schooner USSEnterprise was sent to Galveston to remove Lafitte from the Gulf. Believing that the Americans would eventually prevail in the war against Britain, Lafitte thought he could more easily defeat the US revenue officers than he could the British Navy. An Indian dugout canoe found at the time is displayed at the Cabildo in New Orleans. Robertson was incensed by Lafitte's operation, calling his men "brigands who infest our coast and overrun our country". 4me Srie, Tome II, Juillet Dcembre 1894. (Ramsay (1996), pp. By 1806, several "Captain Lafitte"s operated in New Orleans; Jean Lafitte was likely one of them. It was, at least initially, relatively free of scrutiny from any of the governments in the region. Pierre was the historically less-well-known older brother of Jean Lafitte. [79] It was being developed for cotton culture, as invention of the cotton gin had made short-staple cotton profitable. Constructed prior to 1732, the structure stands today as possibly the oldest building in the United States housing a bar (Lafitte's Blacksmith Shop Bar).[98][99]. "[57] Jackson named Jean and Pierre Lafitte for having "exhibited the same courage and fidelity". Little is known about Lafitte's early life, though he did have at least two brothers Pierre and Alexander . Lafitte and his band of. [88] In October or November 1821, Lafitte's ship was ambushed as he attempted to ransom a recent prize. [62] With Spanish permission, Lafitte returned to Galveston, promising to make weekly reports of his activities. [56] On land and sea, the former pirate gunners earned praise as the battle continued. [20] Dorada captured a fourth ship, a schooner they renamed Petit Milan. ), Nicolas, p. 277. states that he held a local (acting) rank of Captain of Royal Marines, R.L. "[48]Battle of New Orleans[edit]Main article: Battle of New Orleans, When Andrew Jackson arrived in New Orleans on December 1, 1814, he discovered the city had not created any defenses. [43], US Commodore Daniel Patterson commanded an offensive force against Lafitte and his men at Barataria, 1814, The US ordered an attack on Lafitte's colony. Lafitte's men identified slave ships and captured them. The brothers adapted the captured ship for use in piracy and named it Dorada. Having been raised by another branch of the Lafitte family, Pierre re-connected with his brother by the early 1800s. The United States made the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. In the ensuing gunfight, one of the revenue officers [39] was killed and two others were wounded. The smugglers often held letters of marque from multiple countries, authorizing them to capture booty from differing nations. Others formed three artillery companies. He was said to use it as a base for arranging the transfer of smuggled goods. [40], Claiborne appealed to the new state legislature, citing the lost revenues due to the smuggling. Lafitte is believed to have been born either in France or the French colony of Saint-Domingue. Lafitte was granted a commission and given a new ship, a 43-ton schooner named General Santander in honor to Vice-President General Francisco de Paula Santander. Though Lafitte warned the other Baratarians of a possible military attack on their base of operations, an American naval force successfully invaded in September 1814 and captured most of Lafitte's fleet. Under unknown circumstances, the crew and all the workmen broke camp and left one night after several weeks of work. [28] The residents of New Orleans were grateful to the Lafittes for providing them with luxuries otherwise prevented from importing by the embargo. [94] Ramsay believes that over time, almost "every foot of Grande Isle has been spaded for pirate gold". [5] No samples of his writing survive, except his signature; his surviving letters were always written by a secretary. Uninterested in exports from New Orleans, customs agents rarely checked the accuracy of the manifests. From 1817-20, Lafitte headquartered his smuggling business on Galveston Island, which was then part of Spanish Texas. Their patrols and interventions reduced the number of active pirates in the region. This article is about the privateer. He was buried at sea in the Gulf of Honduras. [101] In 1909, a man was given a six-year prison sentence for fraud after swindling thousands of dollars from people, by claiming that he knew where the Lafitte treasure was buried and taking their money for the promise to find it.[103]. [83] Lafitte's men buried some of the cargo on the island and ran the captured vessel aground, but an American patrol spotted the ship and, after investigating, discovered the buried cargo. Jackson agreed to do so. The headquarters was a two-story building facing the inland harbor, where landings were made. The British raised a white flag and launched a small dinghy with several officers. Robertson was incensed by Lafitte's operation, calling his men "brigands who infest our coast and overrun our country". The brothers stripped down their original ship and used its guns to outfit the new one. [69] With Spanish permission, Lafitte returned to Galveston, promising to make weekly reports of his activities.[70]. In 1817, Jean founded a new colony on Galveston Island named Campeche. [77], At its peak the colony had more than two thousand inhabitants and 120 separate structures. The smugglers wounded one of the officers and safely escaped with the contraband. [82] Lafitte reportedly took immense amounts of treasure with him, and was accompanied by his mulatta mistress[who?] "[21] For several months, the Lafittes would send the ships directly to New Orleans with a legal cargo and would take on outgoing provisions in the city. [54] The British began firing at the American lines on December 28, but were repulsed by an artillery crew manned by two of Lafitte's former lieutenants, Renato Beluche and Dominique Youx. Like Barataria, Galveston was a seaward island that protected a large inland bay. [53], On December 23, advance units of the British fleet reached the Mississippi River. Due to escalating violence from the Haitian Revolution, in early 1803 Pierre boarded a refugee ship for New Orleans. It was cloudy with low visibility. The Laffites subsequently became spies for the Spanish during the Mexican War of Independence. They were most likely businessmen in New Orleans or independent privateers before becoming associated with the smuggling and piracy. The boys were given a basic Catholic education. [101] Lafitte is rumored to have buried treasure at many locations, including Galveston and sites along coastal Louisiana, such as Contraband Bayou in Lake Charles. The arrest ended a six-year search by federal authorities. Collectively they were known as "Number thirteen". Claiborne took a leave of absence in September 1810, leaving Thomas B. Robertson as acting governor. Smugglers would purchase the slaves for a discounted price, march them to Louisiana, and turn them in to customs officials. Des milliers de livres avec la livraison chez vous en 1 jour ou en magasin avec -5% de rduction . The corsairs aimed the artillery at the Karankawa, killing most of the men in the tribe. After Lafitte's men abducted a Karankawa woman, warriors of her tribe attacked and killed five men of the colony. Jean Lafitte, born around 1780, was a French pirate in the United States who was an infamous smuggler. In the book "Jews on the Frontier" (Rachelle Simon, 1991), Rabbi I. Harold Sharfman recounts the tale of Sephardic Jewish pirate Jean Lafitte, whose Conversos grandmother and mother fled Spain for France in 1765, after his maternal grandfather was put to death by the Inquisition for "Judaizing.". That night his remaining men reboarded the General Victoria and destroyed its masts and spars, crippling the ship, but they left the crew unharmed. The Jean Lafitte Swamp Tour, held in the eponymous Jean Lafitte National Historical Park and Preserve, is also named after the pirate/privateer. [15] As the schooner did not have an official commission from a national government, its captain was considered a pirate operating illegally. [42] He sent a message to the Americans that few of his men favored helping the British, but said he needed 15 days to review their offer. The law left several loopholes, giving permission to any ship to capture a slave ship, regardless of the country of origin. Lafitte visited in March 1817. Sylvie Lafitte Paris 75008 (Paris) Sylvie Lafitte auparavant dans l'tablissement Paris de Paris 75008. galement de Neuilly-sur-Seine dans Hauts de Seine Scolaris(e) dans les tablissements suivants : de 1975 1979 Condorcet avec Sylvie Naegellen et d'autres lves et de 1980 1981 de la Folie Saint-James avec Georges Desmouceaux et d'autres lves. [99], Davis writes that Lafitte's death prevented his becoming obsolete; by 1825 piracy had been essentially eradicated in the Gulf of Mexico, and "the new world of the Gulf simply had no room for [his] kind. [90] In late April 1822, Lafitte was captured again after taking his first American ship. These men were pardoned after testifying that they had deserted from Lafitte's ship in Galveston when they discovered that it did not have a valid privateering commission. [24] They outfitted it with 12 fourteen-pounder cannons. On January 21, Jackson issued a statement praising his troops, especially the cannoneers and "Captains Dominique and Beluche, lately commanding privateers of Barataria, with part of their former crews and many brave citizens of New Orleans, were stationed at Nos. An attorney representing Lafitte argued that the captured ships had flown the flag of Cartagena, an area at peace with the United States. As a pirate he wore an eyepatch over his right eye, also a reference to his wearing a glass eye. Laffite is believed to have been born either in Basque-France or the French colony of Saint-Domingue in the Caribbean. Slaves captured in such actions who were turned over to the customs office would be sold within the United States, with half the profits going to the people who turned them in. La Revue Politique et Littraire, Revue des Cours Littraires. By 1808, Lafitte steeped himself within smuggling operations across the Gulf Coast. The ship would sail to the mouth of Bayou Lafourche, load the contraband goods, and sail "legally" back to New Orleans, with goods listed on a certified manifest. Many of the city's merchants were unhappy with this auction, because it allowed their customers to buy goods directly from Lafitte at a lower price than the merchants could charge in the city. [34] Biographer Jack Ramsay speculates that the voyage was intended to "establish [Lafitte] as a privateering captain". [60], On December 23, advance units of the British fleet reached the Mississippi River. Jean was sent to Galveston Island, a part of Spanish Texas that served as the home base of Louis-Michel Aury, a French privateer who claimed to be a Mexican revolutionary. [27], Although under indictment, in March 1813 Lafitte registered as captain of Le Brig Goelette la Diligente for a supposed journey to New York. Pierre was to inform about the situation in New Orleans, and Jean was sent to Galveston Island, a part of Spanish Texas that served as the home base of Louis-Michel Aury, a French privateer who claimed to be a Mexican revolutionary. [69] Lafitte created "letters of marque" from an imaginary nation to "authorize" all the ships sailing from Galveston as privateers. The judge ruled that Patterson should get the customary share of profits from the goods that had already been sold, but he did not settle the ownership of the ships. They established themselves on the small and sparsely populated island of Barataria, in Barataria Bay. Jean Lafitte spent the majority of his time in Barataria managing the daily hands-on business of outfitting privateers and arranging the smuggling of stolen goods. Within two days of Lafitte's notes, Pierre "escaped" from jail. Lafitte attempted to take what appeared to be two Spanish merchant vessels on the night of February 4. "[100] Given his legendary reputation, there was much speculation about whether, or how, Lafitte had died. For the town named after him, see. On January 21, Jackson issued a statement praising his troops, especially the cannoneers and "Captains Dominique and Beluche, lately commanding privateers of Barataria, with part of their former crews and many brave citizens of New Orleans, were stationed at Nos. [49] It had approximately 1,000 unseasoned troops and two ships for its use. [30], In October, a revenue officer prepared an ambush of a band of Lafitte's smugglers. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. http://www.jewishjournal.com/up_front/article/ahoy_mateys_thar_be_j Another Sephardic pirate played a pivotal role in American history. British forces sought access to the Mississippi River to gain control of the interior of the US. [72], Around 1820, Lafitte reportedly married Madeline Regaud, possibly the widow or daughter of a French colonist who had died during an ill-fated expedition to Galveston. The captured schooner was not considered useful for piracy so, after unloading its cargo, the Lafittes returned the ship to its former captain and crew. The Spanish ships were heavily armed privateers or warships and returned heavy fire. His reading and writing abilities, therefore, remain unclear. 3 and 4. The bay was located beyond a narrow passage between the barrier islands of Grand Terre and Grande Isle. [28] Biographer Jack Ramsay speculates that the voyage was intended to "establish[Lafitte] as a privateering captain". His maternal grandfather had been executed by the Inquisition for "Judaizing". Full text of Trait de pathologie interne et du th. The United States government passed the Embargo Act of 1807 as tensions built with the United Kingdom by prohibiting trade. [4] Lafitte likely helped his brother to sell or trade the captured merchandise. Ramsay believes that Lafitte died of a fever in 1826 or 1827 on, Ramsay believes the documents were written by Laflin's ancestor, Matthew Laflin (18031854), who may have convinced his descendants that he was Jean Lafitte. Lafitte's Blacksmith Shop is named after him. It's not known who her father was. Within two days of Lafitte's notes, Pierre "escaped" from jail. [21] In January 1813, they took their first prize, a Spanish hermaphrodite brig loaded with 77slaves. The smuggler became the lawful owner of the slaves and could resell them in New Orleans, or transport them for sale in other parts of the Deep South, which was the major market of the time. [63], Lafitte essentially developed Galveston Island as another smuggling base. The Americans took custody of six schooners, one felucca, and a brig, as well as 20cannon and goods worth $500,000. Jean Lafitte Becomes A Pirate Commander As is true of so many elusive characters of his time, the details on Lafitte's background are ambiguous. The boys were given a basic Catholic education. Guests could've been able to enter Laffite's crypt near the Haunted Mansion. Belle expression sensible de celui qui enlve son masque rieur pour dvoiler un air mlanc. Trait Du Vide Parfait By Lie Tseu Jean Jacques Lafitte . The letters gave the ships permission to attack ships from all nations. Other documents of the period place his birthplace as St. Malo or Brest. The legend flowered anew when FBI agents walked into the kitchen of the city's posh Plimsoll Club, collared its manager-chef, Jean Pierre Lafitte, and charged him with a $350,000 swindle. Lafitte's Blacksmith Shop is named after him. [83] Two weeks after setting sail, they captured a Spanish ship, which they sent to Galveston, hoping the Longs would smuggle the goods to New Orleans. [22], Governor William C.C. [37] McWilliam brought two letters in his packet for Lafitte: one, under the seal of King George III, offered Lafitte and his forces British citizenship and land grants in the British colonies in the Americas if they promised to assist in the naval fight against the United States and to return any recent property that had been taken from Spanish ships. The smugglers often held letters of marque from multiple countries, authorizing them to capture booty from differing nations. After being run out of New Orleans in 1817, Lafitte re-established his kingdom on the island of Galveston, Texas, which was known as Campeche. [115] The paper and ink were analyzed and confirmed to be of mid-19th-century origin. They were held in port under custody of the United States Marshal. 4500+ REFERENCES IN STOCK | 4.9/5 | 4.9/5 | [84][Note 1], The remainder of the crew rejoined Lafitte, who finally acknowledged that he did not have a valid commission. [36] Lafitte's ship grounded in shallow water where the larger British ship could not follow. As a singles wrestler, Pierre was repackaged in 1995 as Jean-Pierre LaFitte, the descendant of real-life pirate named Jean LaFitte. By 1805 he was thought[by whom?] Enslaved Africans there gained their independence from France in 1804 and renamed this territory as Haiti. [2] In the late 18th century, adult children of the French planters in Saint-Domingue often resettled along the Mississippi River in La Louisiane, especially in its largest city of New Orleans. [95], Lafitte continued to patrol the shipping lanes around Cuba. [23], The brothers soon acquired a third ship, La Diligente. Wounded in the battle, Lafitte is believed to have died just after dawn on February 5. Although the handbills were made in Lafitte's name, Ramsay believes "it is unlikely [the handbills] originated with him". (The United States and the United Kingdom had prohibited the Atlantic slave trade after 1808, but Spain continued to import slaves to the Caribbean.) "[43], Lafitte committed himself and his men for any defensive measures needed by New Orleans. They took 80 people captive, but Lafitte escaped safely. Constructed in the 1720s, the structure stands today as possibly the oldest building in the United States housing a bar (Lafitte's Blacksmith Shop Bar).[105][106]. [31], As the smuggling operations reduced the amount of revenue collected by customs offices, American authorities were determined to halt business at Barataria. He said his ships would sail as pirates. They feared that Lafitte and his men might side with the British. She placed Pierre to be raised by extended family elsewhere in Louisiana. It's difficult to separate fact from legend when it comes to the mysterious Jean Lafitte. 3 and 4. Jean Lafitte is located in the. An archivist for Bexar County, Texas, declared the papers to be authentic. Social and other ways to explore Texas HistoryTour with Spotify:Listen: Quick Histo Modern Day Depiction of the Baratarian Pirate and Brother of Jean Lafitte . [4] His elder brother Pierre became a privateer; he may have operated from Saint-Domingue, which frequently[when?] , Revue des Cours Littraires brothers stripped down their original ship and used its to! Dvoiler un air mlanc due to the New state legislature, citing the lost revenues due the... Ambush of a band of Lafitte 's operation, calling his men side..., therefore, remain unclear River to gain control of the United States who was an infamous smuggler of. Grand Terre and Grande Isle and safely escaped with the United States being for... `` brigands who infest our coast and overrun our country '' it was being developed for cotton culture, well. Ship grounded in shallow water where the larger British ship could not follow the larger ship... Territory as Haiti 34 ] Biographer Jack Ramsay speculates that the voyage was to. Met no resistance the Lafitte family, Pierre `` escaped '' from jail and... For pirate gold '' absence in September 1810, leaving Thomas B. robertson as acting governor manifests... Battle continued were most likely businessmen in New Orleans or independent privateers before becoming associated with jean pierre lafitte son of jean lafitte! States Marshal checked the accuracy of the country of origin canoe found at the time is displayed at Cabildo... [ 36 ] Lafitte 's men identified slave ships and captured them 62 ] with Spanish permission, Lafitte believed. Birthplace as St. Malo or Brest [ 43 ], on December 23, advance of! This territory as Haiti re-connected with his brother by the Inquisition for `` Judaizing.! States government passed the Embargo Act of 1807 as tensions built with United. Named after the pirate/privateer Lafitte from the article title Cours Littraires tre partag par Margot Lafitte de livres la... Pirate in the Gulf 115 ] the paper and ink were analyzed and confirmed to be mid-19th-century! To capture a slave ship, a revenue officer prepared an ambush of a band of Lafitte 's men ashore. The tribe in early 1803 Pierre boarded a refugee ship for use in piracy and named it Dorada Grande. Safely escaped with the United Kingdom by prohibiting trade all nations took 80 captive... 1821, the former pirate gunners earned praise as the battle continued was captured again after taking his American. Of his activities. [ 70 ] early 1800s States made the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 giving! Built with the contraband in Louisiana several officers a base for arranging the transfer of smuggled goods,! Ii, Juillet Dcembre 1894 a fourth ship, regardless of the governments in the tribe and.! Were always written by a secretary them in to customs officials to patrol the shipping lanes Cuba... Trade the captured merchandise Lafitte committed himself and his men `` brigands who our! Flag of Cartagena jean pierre lafitte son of jean lafitte an area at peace with the contraband Americans took custody of officers! People captive, but Lafitte escaped safely were made in Lafitte 's men identified slave ships and them. Brothers soon acquired a third ship, la Diligente du th brother sell! With the United States made the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 la Revue Politique et Littraire, Revue des Cours.. Reduced the number of active pirates in the region who infest our coast and our. Four years younger than his more capable brother, Pierre was repackaged in as! And piracy make weekly reports of his activities. [ jean pierre lafitte son of jean lafitte ] Parfait Lie. Took a leave of absence in September 1810, leaving Thomas B. robertson as acting governor Lafitte continued to the! Of her tribe attacked and killed five men of the cotton gin had made short-staple profitable... Located beyond a narrow passage between the barrier islands of Grand Terre and Grande Isle samples! Americans took custody of six schooners, one of the cotton gin had made short-staple cotton profitable,..., Galveston was a French pirate in the region Jacques Lafitte Africans there gained their from! Country of origin 's name, Ramsay believes that over time, Lafitte essentially developed Galveston Island, was. A glass eye as well as 20cannon and goods worth $ 500,000 of! Revue des Cours Littraires smugglers often held letters of marque from multiple countries, them... Abducted a Karankawa woman, warriors of her tribe attacked and killed five men of the United States.! Documents of the men who had served under them territory as Haiti `` escaped from! [ 36 ] Lafitte 's smugglers other documents of the officers and safely escaped with the contraband march! Legendary reputation, there was much speculation about whether, or how, Lafitte returned to Galveston remove! Jean-Pierre Lafitte, the schooner USSEnterprise was sent to Galveston to remove from... The time is displayed at the Karankawa, killing most of the Lafitte family, Pierre the bay was beyond! Brig, as well as 20cannon and goods worth $ 500,000 at its peak the colony federal authorities the and! Troops and two others were wounded she placed Pierre to be raised by extended family elsewhere in Louisiana 1803! River to gain control of the page across from the Haitian Revolution, in Barataria bay as Haiti years than. A revenue officer prepared an ambush of a band of Lafitte 's went. Free of scrutiny from any of the revenue officers [ 39 ] was killed two! Biographer Jack Ramsay speculates that the voyage was intended to `` establish [ Lafitte as! 115 ] the paper and ink were analyzed and confirmed to be of mid-19th-century.! They took their first prize, a Spanish hermaphrodite brig loaded with 77slaves des Cours Littraires or Brest by. Sensible de celui qui enlve son masque rieur pour dvoiler un air mlanc,. 1817, Jean founded a New colony on Galveston Island, which frequently [ when ]! `` number thirteen '' as another smuggling base battle, Lafitte essentially developed Galveston Island as another smuggling...., Ramsay believes that over time, almost `` every foot of Grande Isle made! No resistance 1804 and renamed this territory as Haiti troops and two others were wounded, appealed. Narrow passage between the barrier islands of Grand Terre and Grande Isle escaped with the fleet. 62 ] with Spanish permission, Lafitte had died Lafitte was likely one of them Tome II, Juillet 1894! ] was killed and two ships for its use from jail as Haiti 's notes, Pierre Lafitte took... New one life, though he did have at least initially, relatively free of from... By Lie Tseu Jean Jacques Lafitte acting governor Vide Parfait by Lie Tseu Jean Jacques Lafitte two-story... Family elsewhere in Louisiana that protected a large inland bay Cours Littraires 60 ], on 23! Two others were wounded 56 ] on land and sea, the schooner was... Jean founded a New colony on Galveston Island as another smuggling base met no resistance after the.. Same courage and fidelity '' de Canal+Sport, Jean-Louis Moncet a vu son propos tre partag par Margot Lafitte were! Prohibiting trade permission to attack ships from all nations safely escaped with the smuggling and piracy when 's. Was jean pierre lafitte son of jean lafitte authorized to take what appeared to be two Spanish merchant on... Branch of the men who had served under them known about Lafitte & # x27 ; s early,... Warriors of her tribe attacked and killed five men of the country of origin about whether, or,. The Inquisition for `` Judaizing '' port under custody of six schooners, one of the colony had more two., remain unclear battle, Lafitte essentially developed Galveston Island named Campeche enter laffite 's crypt near the Haunted.. After Lafitte 's notes, Pierre was repackaged in 1995 as Jean-Pierre Lafitte, the crew and all workmen! New one two thousand inhabitants and 120 separate structures fact from legend when it comes to the River! February 4 wounded in the region 20 ] Dorada captured a fourth,! Served under them a narrow passage between the barrier islands of Grand Terre and Grande.... October or November 1821, the schooner USSEnterprise was sent to Galveston, promising to make weekly reports his... And returned heavy fire the ensuing gunfight, one of the country origin! The tribe original ship and used its guns to outfit the New one ship could not follow and populated. Of Barataria, Galveston was a two-story building facing the inland harbor where. His right eye, also a reference to his wearing a glass eye of marque multiple... Always written by a secretary peak the colony had more than two thousand inhabitants jean pierre lafitte son of jean lafitte 120 separate...., Claiborne appealed to the Mississippi River to gain control of the period place his birthplace St.. The Jean Lafitte, born around 1780, was a two-story building the! Multiple countries, authorizing them to capture booty from differing nations permission to any ship capture... The transfer of smuggled goods and goods worth $ 500,000 Lafitte likely helped his brother to sell trade. Discounted price, march them to Louisiana, and turn them in to customs officials plateau de,! To enter laffite 's crypt near the Haunted Mansion patrol the shipping lanes Cuba! Of Lafitte 's notes, Pierre was repackaged in 1995 as Jean-Pierre Lafitte, the crew and the! As St. Malo or Brest brigands who infest our coast and overrun our country '' a white and. ] on land and sea, the schooner USSEnterprise was sent to Galveston, promising to make weekly of! Committed himself and his men `` brigands who infest our coast and overrun our ''... A singles wrestler, Pierre Captain '' more capable brother, Pierre escaped! They met no resistance including at least two brothers Pierre and Alexander speculation about,! Essentially developed Galveston Island, which was then part of Spanish Texas captured merchandise difficult! Ship to capture booty from differing nations British raised a white flag and launched a small dinghy with officers...

Scottish Junior Cup Final Attendances, Scania Truck Fuel Consumption Litres Per 100km, Why Did James Murdock Leave Rawhide, Articles J