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Rick didn't know it at the time, but he was learning a skill that would shape his creative mind as a writer and performer. He broke every passing record in the . Rick Hall's net worth Joe Manganiello on Discovering Hes Part-Black and Descended From Slaves [30], Aretha Franklin recorded her hit I Never Loved a Man the Way I Love You at FAME in 1967, with the "Swampers" providing the accompaniment. The song was recorded by others too, including the Rolling Stones in 1964. On a return visit to Chicago a few years ago, Rickperformed in productions of The Second City's Romeo and Juliet Musical and the lead role in A Flea in Her Ear at Chicago Shakespeare Theater. His preferred recording method was to gather trusted musicians and seize the best ideas from studio jams. In 1961, he produced a hit: the soul singer Arthur Alexanders You Better Move On, which would later be recorded by the Rolling Stones. Fame Studios founder launched career of Aretha Franklin, published and recorded numerous R&B, pop and country songs. And had he not been so generous in his business dealings he would have amassed a fortune. Leach was born in 1957 in Ann Arbor, Michigan. For every hit I have ever produced, he wrote, I have given three pints of blood and one pint of sweat.. Duane Allman signing a contract with Mr. Hall at FAME Studios in 1968. [26], He died on January 2, 2018, aged 85, at his home in Muscle Shoals, after a battle with prostate cancer. Obituary Elsie Lee Hall Elsie Lee Hall was born July 31, 1919, and was called home on August 24, 2016. History Channels Rust Valley Restorers in now on Netflix as well. His family even performed together as The Singing Halls but Rick never considered acting could be his job. He is survived by his wife, Linda, and three sons, Rick Jr., Mark and Rodney. Rick was born in Grove City on Nov. 25, 1955 to Jack L. Hall and Alyce Mae Davis Hall. He has also performed at the West Belfast Festival/Feile an Phobail, one of the largest community festivals in Ireland, to a sell-out audience where he received widespread critical acclaim. So, how much is Rick Hall worth at the age of 86 years old? He was a good friend and a great guitar player . After his mother left home when young Hall was aged 4,[2] he, along with his sister was raised in rural poverty[5] by his father and grandparents in Franklin County, Alabama. Courtesy of WWE Network.More ACTION on WWE NE. In Los Angeles Rick performs with some of the veterans of improv from Second City, Groundlings, and Comedy Sportz in Immediate Theater. "At different points in time on this planet, there are certain places where there is a feel of energy," Jimmy Cliff,. Doors open at 7PM. He was married to Linda Kay Hall. Roe Erister "Rick" Hall[1] (January 31, 1932 January 2, 2018)[2] was an American record producer, songwriter, and musician who became known as the owner of FAME Studios in Muscle Shoals, Alabama. The big break came in 1961, after the partnership had been dissolved, with Hall keeping the Fame name. The Dixie Chicks, George Strait, Martina McBride, Kenny Chesney and many others logged country hits with songs from the vast Fame catalog. He wrote and performed for a range of American networks, in series such as Fridays, Not Necessarily the News (popularising the "sniglet" neologism), and Saturday Night Live. Ms. Franklin never returned to FAME Studios; Muscle Shoals musicians, without Mr. Hall, recorded Respect with her in New York City. Though he was not born here, Rick is no stranger to the Midwest. In a Twitter post, Isbell wrote: Rick Hall and his family gave me my first job in the music business, and nobody in the industry ever worked harder than Rick. He subsequently toured a version of this show throughout the UK and Ireland in 2009, with longtime sidekick Myron T. Buttram (guitarist and pedal steel player, Rob Childs) and Lonesome Dave (banjoist and guitarist, David Lindsay) appearing at the 2009 Adelaide Fringe festival, the Sydney Opera House, and the 2009 Melbourne Comedy festival. Mr. Hall gathered other musicians and continued to make hits. She resided in Pensacola until her passing. Burial will be in Colbert Memorial. Even though Mike Hall may not be the best businessman, we know he is a great car collector. He was selected as the first-team all-state quarterback by the Detroit Free Press in 1975. During those Chicago years Rick enjoyed a wave of commercial work that put him in the financial position to buy the farm next to his familys farm back in Carrollton,IL. G. Rick Hall. Daughter of Black Sabbath rocker Ozzy Osbourne who pursued a musical career, releasing songs like her cover of Madonna s Papa Dont Preach.. He has created and starred in several series for the BBC, including comedies with Mike Wilmot, and documentaries often concerning cinema of the US. In addition to being a devoted husband, father and grandfather, Rick is an active member of Trinity on the Hill United Methodist Church. And none of it would've happened without Rick Hall. According to Rolling Stone, he learned how to play guitar, mandolin and violin, playing in local country and R&B bands. According to Chinese Zodiac, Ricki was born in the Year of the Rabbit while his girlfriend in the Year of the Rat. In 1960, he started a company based in Florence, Alabama, together with fellow ex-Fairlanes member Billy Sherrill, the future producer of Tammy Wynette's records. Thursday, April 14, 2022 @ 7:30PMThu, Apr 14, 2022 @ 7:30PM, Mrs. Murphy & Sons Irish Bistro, 3905 N Lincoln Ave., Chicago. Jacksonville, Florida Area. of Dan Pennington, & Tom H. Stafford", "Rick Hall, the father of the Muscle Shoals sound, dies at 85", "Rick Hall, Music Producer Known for Muscle Shoals Sound, Dies at 85", "Meet Rick Hall: Founder of Fame Studios in Muscle Shoals", "Talking with Rick Hall: 'The Man from Muscle Shoals', "Producer Rick Hall, 'Father of Muscle Shoals Music,' Dead at 85", "Unlikely producer of soul sound Rick Hall dies at 85", "Tales From the Top: The Rolling Stones' Sticky Fingers", "How Muscle Shoals became music's most unlikely hit factory", "BMI Mourns the Loss of Muscle Shoals Legend Rick Hall", "Shoals music pioneer Rick Hall dies at 85", "Shoals sound legacy: Rick Hall earns Grammy Trustee Award from Recording Academy", "University of North Alabama Announces Honorary Degree for Music Icon Rick Hall", "Remembering Rick Hall and the Musical Alchemy of FAME Studios", "The musical secrets of FAME Studios legend Rick Hall", "Editorial: The genius of a music legend", "The day Aretha Franklin found her sound and a bunch of men nearly killed it", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rick_Hall&oldid=1125545771, This page was last edited on 4 December 2022, at 15:46. - 2 January 2018) ( his death) ( 3 children) Rick Hall Net Worth His net worth has been growing significantly in 2021-2022. [7], Hall moved to Rockford, Illinois, as a teenager, working as an apprentice toolmaker, and began playing in local bar bands. Rick Hall, a music producer and recording engineer who crafted hit recordings in the Southern soul style for singers such as Aretha Franklin, Etta James, Wilson Pickett and Clarence Carter at. Rick Hall, the founder of The Rick Hall Law Firm, LLC, has 35+ years of experience helping victims of car accidents, malpractice, and more. Rich Hall's income source is mostly from being a successful . He was previously married to Linda Kay Hall. During the Eighties, Berlin Wall crumbled, new computer technologies emerged and blockbuster movies and MTV reshaped pop culture. A recurring premise of the show and a common source of consternation for Mikes business partners is his love of cars clouding his judgment, causing a serious lack of business acumen. Rick Hall Age 73 of Custer Park, went home to be with his Lord and Savior Sunday, August 15, 2021 at his home surrounded by his family. in 2003, and a concert video, as this character. I'll share the stage with some fine storytellers; Vicki Juditz, Katy Duft, and Ron Hart. Discover Rick Hall's Biography, Age, Height, Physical Stats, Dating/Affairs, Family and career updates. The least compatible signs with Pisces are generally considered to be Gemini and Sagittarius. [8], Hall's FAME studio prospered. His net worth has been growing significantly in 2021-2022. Graduating from Penn State in 1986 with a degree in electrical engineering, he spent a few years working for the US Navy in Virginia, repairing F-14's and A6's. After a brief stint designing circuit boards in Pittsburgh, he made a left turn and became a video game developer. According to his wife of 58 years, Linda, Rick Hall worked with . He is a member of famous with the age 67 years of age./b> group. He was a proud taskmaster in the studio. His rugged look has earned him a gargantuan social media following of more than 340,000 Instagram followers and over 10,000 Twitter followers. News Sports Best of Section Business Go Play Opinion Obituaries eNewspaper Legals. As soon as I get back to Chicago I get to do this show. We want to hear it. [6] Also in 1969, another FAME Studio house band, Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section, affectionately called The Swampers, consisting of Barry Beckett (keyboards), Roger Hawkins (drums), Jimmy Johnson (guitar), and David Hood (bass), left the FAME studio to found the competing Muscle Shoals Sound Studio at 3614 Jackson Highway in Sheffield, with start-up funding from Jerry Wexler. They named their company FAME (Florence Alabama Music Enterprises) and opened their first primitive studio above a drugstore. "By the mid-'60s it had become a hotbed for pop musicians of various stripes, including the Rolling Stones, Otis Redding, Wilson Pickett, Clarence Carter, Solomon Burke and Percy Sledge," according to the Los Angeles Times. The producer Jerry Wexler of Atlantic Records brought Wilson Pickett to FAME for sessions that yielded five singles: Land of a Thousand Dances, Mustang Sally, Funky Broadway, Hey Jude and Hey Joe. The idea of recording Hey Jude came from the studios lead guitarist: Duane Allman. Producer Rick Hall, famous for his contribution to the Muscle Shoals sound, has died at 85. Hall was a regular performer on Channel 4s Stand Up for the Week, which began in June 2010. After the September 11 attacks, Hall was entrusted with the task of responding to the tragedy on the first subsequent edition of Have I Got News for You. The Muscle Shoals sound got renewed attention with Muscle Shoals, a 2013 documentary directed by Greg Camalier, and in 2014 Mr. Hall received the Grammy Trustees Award for lifetime achievement. Rick was writer/producer of the Still Alive And Well album and player/producer of the hit album, They Only Come Out At Night. "[6], In 2007, Hall reactivated the FAME Records label through a distribution deal with EMI. He also shares his years of improv knowledge by teaching Improv Music workshops with his wife, Laura Hall (Whose Line is it Anyway), all over the world. In LA Rick has beena series regular on the improv-based TV show The Factory. His father was a gospel music fan and his uncle gave Rick a mandolin at age 6. People Search, Contact Information, Public Records & More. Mr. Hall was a producer, co-producer or engineer for major hits by Aretha Franklin, Wilson Pickett, Clarence Carter, Etta James, the Osmonds, Mac Davis, Paul Anka and the country group Shenandoah, among many others. People born in the Year of the Rabbit are popular because they're sincere and avoid conflict. More often than not, Mike ends up selling restored cars at a lower price than what he put into it, purely because he wants to make peoples dreams come true. His height is 1.65 m tall, and weight is 70 Kg. Hall's life and career are profiled in the 2013 documentary film Muscle Shoals. He earned money being a professional Music Producer. The couple started dating in 2014. He will surely be missed.". The Canadian reality TV series follows Mike Hall and his team Rust Bros as they hustle to restore old cars that have gone to junk. Ricki Halls girlfriend is Kelly Osbourne. Which brings us to the question what is Mike Halls net worth? And the record producer would be the first to admit he could be bitter. Diane Sanchez is the deceased wife of Rick Sanchez and the mother of Beth Sanchez . Best Match Powered by Whitepages Premium AGE 50s Rick H Hall Weyerhaeuser, WI Aliases Richard H Hall Ricky Hall View Full Report Addresses Draus Ln, Weyerhaeuser, WI After finishing school, Rick packed up his things and realized his love for radio, stopping in cities such as Peoria, Rockford, Milwaukee, Las Vegas, and New York City - before returning home to Chicago. Richard Max Leach (born May 4, 1957) is a former college football player and professional baseball player. And he likes the nickname. 1, Grammy nominated monster hit, "Frankenstein" and "Free Ride." In 1976 Rick created the Derringer. Volume! He released four albums and in '83 returned to his solo career with the LP, Good Dirty Fun . His subsequent documentaries cover broader aspects of American culture and politics: Rich Halls You Can Go To Hell, Im Going To Texas (June 2013) and Rich Halls California Stars (July 2014) focus on Texas and California respectively, Rich Halls Presidential Grudge Match (broadcast 7 November 2016, the day before the 2016 US presidential election) is a history of US Presidents and their election campaigns,, Rich Halls Countrier Than You (March 2017) discusses country music, Rich Halls Working for the American Dream (July 2018) questions the attainability of the American Dream, and Rich Halls Red Menace (November 2019) is about the Cold War. She was born in Andalusia, Alabama, and moved to Pensacola in 1934. Tim McGraws I Like It, I Love It also originated at Fame, co-penned by Mark Hall. Rick Hall played Paulson during Season 4 of 24. In 1986 he married Christyn Bowen, but the two divorced in 2002. His publishing catalog included "I Swear" written by Frank Myers and Gary Baker. Born October 28, 1947 in Morris, Ricky Lee was a son of. It is a testament to a certain kind of hope. Ricki Hall has not been previously engaged. Rick has recorded a cd of several of his stories and turned one of them, Slice of Pie, into a short film, The movie has had a successful run of the film festival circuit, winning numerous awards. But now it must continue without him. Hall has written and presented 90-minute documentaries about American film genres, culture and history, broadcast on BBC Four. In the segregated Alabama of the 1960s, black and white performers collaborated at FAME, as they did at another fortress of Southern soul, Stax in Memphis. For every hit I have ever produced, I have given three pints of blood and one pint of sweat, Mr. Hall wrote in his 2015 memoir, The Man From Muscle Shoals: My Journey From Shame to Fame.. Rick J. Rick Hall, who produceddozens ofhits as the owner of FAME Studios in Muscie Shoals, Ala., has died. Hall, who died on Tuesday, at eighty-five, was its engineer and its keeper. Rick is married to his high school sweetheart, Sarah. In 2008, Hall toured two stand-up shows around the UK: Rich Hall Autumn Tour 2008 played around 45 been in a relationship with?s and headlined as his alter-ego in a show entitled Otis Lee Crenshaw and Band, with Rich Hall listed as a special guest. [24][25], Hall published his memoirs in a book titled The Man from Muscle Shoals: My Journey from Shame to Fame in 2015. Expand Your Search. [6] The commercial success of the record gave Hall the financial resources to establish a new, larger FAME recording studio[12] on Avalon Avenue in Muscle Shoals. After the end of Fridays, Hall co-wrote and starred in the satirical comedy series Not Necessarily the News from 1983 until 1990 where he coined the term sniglet to describe newly created words and collected and published several volumes of books of them. From there he got hired into the touring company of the world famous The Second City. Hall was inducted into the Alabama Music Hall of Fame in 1985 and also received the John Herbert Orr Pioneer Award. These 20-somethings to early 30-year-olds have redefined the workplace. He is a clinical professor, senior director of health innovations programs, and managing partner of the Mayo Clinic and ASU MedTech Accelerator. In addition to improv, Rick is an actor, appearing in many TV commercials, films, and TV. Fun Fact: On the day of Ricki Halls birth, "Livin' on a Prayer" by Bon Jovi was the number 1 song on The Billboard Hot 100 and Ronald Reagan (Republican) was the U.S. President. The character made further appearances in shows second and third season. Hall remained active in the music industry with FAME Studios, FAME Records, and FAME Publishing.[4]. According to Rick, at first, he followed her around like a puppy dog at first but eventually, Laura got the hint and they started dating. Powered by WordPress.com VIP. He has been married to Karen Hall since 2004. Using a hand-picked cadre of musicians, he established a soul-drenched sound and a relaxed ambience that attracted singers and producers from far and wide. Lets take a look at Ricki Hall past relationships, exes and previous hookups. Ricki Halls biography and horoscope. Roe Erister "Rick" Hall (January 31, 1932 - January 2, 2018) was an American record producer, songwriter, music publisher, and musician best known as the owner and proprietor of "We would sit up and talk until 2 o'clock in the morning and Sam would tell me, 'Rick, don't go to Nashville, because they'll eat your soul alive.' Even as a little boy growing up in suburban Chicago, Rick dreamed of being on the radio. Ricki Hall's girlfriend is Kelly Osbourne. [8] He also began writing songs at that time. After helping to license the Percy Sledge tune When a Man Loves a Woman in 1966, Hall co-founded Fame Publishing in 1959 with Tom Stafford and future Tammy Wynette and George Jones producer-songwriter Billy Sherrill. Ricki Hall has not been previously engaged. Before he went into restoring cars full-time, Mike owned a slope stabilization business, Chimera Springs Rock Works, which he summarizes as hanging from cliffs and blowing shit up, in typical Mike fashion. In 1959, Hall and Sherrill accepted an offer from Tom Stafford, the owner of a recording studio, to help set up a new music publishing company in the town of Florence, to be known as Florence Alabama Music Enterprises, or FAME. Ricki Hall has not been previously engaged. Rick Hall was born on January 31, 1932 in Forest Grove, Mississippi, USA. For fifteen years, Rick taught English and history at public and private middle schools in the San Francisco Bay Area and in Texas. Anyone can read what you share. Rick (Roe Erister) Hall, record producer, born 31 January 1932; died 2 January 2018, Record producer who established the soul-drenched Muscle Shoals sound, Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning. Some years after the death of his first wife, he met and married Linda Cross of Leighton, Alabama. According to our records, he has no children. Rick Hall, who helped develop the Southern soul style known as the Muscle Shoals sound, receiving an award for lifetime achievement at the Grammy Awards in 2014. [12] Hall then turned his attention away from soul music towards mainstream pop, producing hits for the Osmonds, Paul Anka, Tom Jones, and the Osmond family. They named their company Fame (Florence Alabama Music Enterprises) and opened their first primitive studio above a drugstore. Rick attended Vanderbilt Law School where he finished in the top 10% of his class, and was a member of the Order . He's survived by wife. Linda Kay Hall (? He had met one of them, Billy Sherrill, the future producer of Tammy Wynettes records, when they played together in a band called the Fairlanes. Is Ricki Hall married or single, who is he dating now and previously? View Ricki Hall height, weight & body stats His visitation will be Friday, Jan. 5, 2018, from noon until 2 p.m. at Highland Park Baptist Church. He wrote and performed for a range of American networks, in series such as Fridays, Not Necessarily the News (popularising the sniglet neologism), and Saturday Night Live. On April 5, 2010, Hall appeared as one of the stand-up acts on Channel 4s Comedy Gala, a benefit show organised by Channel 4 to raise money for Great Ormond Street Childrens Hospital. It's a live, in-person show, people. Raymond, Pasadena, Ca 91104. He was married to Linda Kay Hall. Initially these documentaries focused on film genres: Rich Halls How the West Was Lost (first broadcast June 2008) discusses Westerns, Rich Halls The Dirty South (October 2010) challenges stereotypical Hollywood presentations of the Southern US, Rich Halls Continental Drifters (November 2011) examines the American road movie, Rich Halls Inventing the Indian (October 2012) discusses portrayals of Native Americans. Vice President of Loan Quality Operations. Hanging off cliffs and blowing stuff up is how Mike got his nickname Rasta Blasta. Hall was livid, and the rift had barely healed by the time a prizewinning documentary titled Muscle Shoals (directed by Greg Camalier) appeared in 2013, telling the story of the towns rise to prominence, with a emphasis on Halls contribution. His death is a huge loss to those of us who knew him and those who didnt.. Rick started his acting career in Chicago where was a founding member of Chicagos Improv Institute. Rick Hall, Soundtrack: Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows. During a 2015 interview with The New York Times, Hall recalled those early days. The first album, London Not Tennessee, in 2001, was recorded on the first comedy tour, and included two duets on stage with US singer Catherine Porter. and the death of his first wife and . His wife is Linda Kay Hall (? 3 and has shepherded the company through its early growth and continued development, helping to shape USOSM's vision and trajectory. Rick Hall, the father of the Muscle Shoals sound, dies at 85 R&B singer Etta James rehearses as Fame Studios owner Rick Hall, right, and members of the house band look on during a. Others who scored major hits throughout the decade included country-pop crossover artist Mac Davis and songwriter Paul Anka. His wife is Linda Kay Hall (? RICK HAS FOLLOWED a strange path in life. Reportedly in declining health in recent months, Hall was 85. Hall is a guest on popular BBC panel quiz shows, most notably as a regular guest on QI, and is known as the games most frequently victorious guest panellist with ten victories (only permanent panellist Alan Davies has won more shows), and also with appearances in 8 Out of 10 Cats, Have I Got News for You and Never Mind the Buzzcocks. Franklin flew back to New York the next day and never visited Muscle Shoals again. A studio band Mr. Hall had assembled at FAME Barry Beckett on keyboards, Jimmy Johnson on guitar, David Hood on bass and Roger Hawkins on drums became recognized as the Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section, also known as the Swampers. Model renowned for his appearances in publications like Elle Men China, Client Magazine, and unFLOP Magazine. [3] In 2014, he won the Grammy Trustees Award in recognition of his lengthy career. I wanted to be like Sam I wanted to be somebody special."[2]. Send us a tip using our anonymous form. Yep, after 2+ years, This Much Is True will be returning home to Mrs. Murphy & Sons in April for an evening of storytelling. Rick Hall started FAME Studios in 1959 in an isolated corner of northwest Alabama and produced some of the biggest hits in music during the '60's and '70's. . After winning a Perrier Comedy Award in 2000, using the character of Tennesseean country musician Otis Lee Crenshaw, Hall became popular in the United Kingdom, regularly appearing on QI and similar panel shows. Please check back soon for updates. Bruce Gowers, Bohemian Rhapsody Video Director, Dead at 82, Robbie Bachman, Drummer for Bachman-Turner Overdrive, Dead at 69, Lisa Marie Presley, Daughter of Elvis, Dead at 54, Earth, Wind and Fire Drummer Fred White Dead at 67, Ian Tyson, Canadian Folk Legend, Dead at 89, Punk Visionary Vivienne Westwood Dead at 81, Sound of Philadelphia Producer Thom Bell Dead at 79. We will upbeen in a relationship with? Ricki was born in the 1980s. So, how much is Rick Hall worth at the age of 86 years old? Rick is an Orange County, CA native-turned Midwesterner. The eccentric hippie is Canadian through and through, born and raised in Saint Boniface, Manitoba. "Hall's Grammy-winning production touched nearly every genre of popular music from country to R&B, and his Fame Studio and publishing company were a breeding ground for future legends in the worlds of songwriting and session work, as well as a recording home to some of the greatest musicians and recording artists of all time. But he saw more opportunity in rhythm and blues. Rick Hall, right, with Robert "Bumps" Blackwell and Little Richard, left, at Fame Studio, Muscle Shoals, Alabama, 1970. Rick Hall Weekdays 2 - 7 pm Rick is an Orange County, CA native-turned Midwesterner. [2] Hall wrote: "Black music helped broaden my musical horizons and open my eyes and ears to the widespread appeal of the so-called 'race' music that later became known as 'rhythm and blues". In 1987, Hall was responsible for signing a local bar band playing just down the street from Fame Shenandoah. His parents, Herman and Dolly, had married young, and his mother left the family when Hall was 4, and he and his. Rick Hall at FAME StudiosRoe Erister "Rick" Hall (1932-2018) is widely regarded as a principal figure in the formation of the music recording scene in Muscle Shoals, Colbert County. George Klein Popular biography Net worth. [6][12] In 1985 he was inducted into the Alabama Music Hall of Fame, his citation referring to him as the "Father of Muscle Shoals Music. He is from USA. If you see something that doesnt look right, contact us. It's FREE. Whatever Hall conjured therewhatever he dreamt, and made realis essential to any recounting of American ingenuity. Expand. 1 hit in 1966 with "When a Man Loves a Woman," cut at FAME, Jerry Wexler at Atlantic began bringing his artists to the studio. [13] In 1971, he was named Producer of the Year by Billboard magazine,[8] a year after having been nominated for a Grammy Award in the same category. I'm shocked and bewilderedDeepest sympathy to his wife friends close ones I'm bewildered Jeff Beck it don't make sense I don't get it. Rick Hall, a songwriter and record producer known as the "Father of Muscle Shoals Music," died today at his home in Muscle Shoals, Ala. after a protracted illness. The Man From Muscle Shoals: My Journey From Shame to Fame.. Rick L. Hall of Stoneboro passed peacefully at home on Monday morning, Nov. 11, 2019 following a courageous six and a half-year battle with cancer. Close . Singer Aretha Franklin credited Hall for the "turning point" in her career in the mid 1960s, taking her from a struggling artist to the "Queen of Soul". Regarding his personal life, Rick has two marriages behind him; his first wife was Dina Lynn Hogue, with whom he has two children. He was 85. He died on January 2, 2018 in Muscle Shoals, Alabama, USA.

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