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what to the slave is the fourth of july annotation

what to the slave is the fourth of july annotation

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what to the slave is the fourth of july annotation

In several states, this trade is a chief source of wealth. [17] This act drew the ire of the abolitionist movement,[9] and was directly criticized by Douglass in his speech. It is carried on in all the large towns and cities in one-half of this confederacy; and millions are pocketed every year, by dealers in this horrid traffic. Pride and patriotism, not less than gratitude, prompt you to celebrate and to hold it in perpetual remembrance. There are illustrations of it near and remote, ancient and modern. On July 5, 1852, in . I answer: a day that reveals to him, more than all other days in the year, the gross injustice and cruelty to which he is the constant victim. Frederick Douglass, a well-known Black writer, orator, and abolitionist was asked to address an anti-slavery group on the July 4 holiday in 1852. In an 1868 speech, he said, No man should be excluded from the government on the basis of his color, no woman on account of her sex. Feeling themselves harshly and unjustly treated by the home government, your fathers, like men of honesty, and men of spirit, earnestly sought redress. [7], The Rochester Ladies' Anti-Slavery Society was founded in 1851. He wrote a glowing letter of encouragement to Harriet Tubman, which served as the preface to Sarah Bradfords 1869 biography about Tubmans life. The cause of liberty may be stabbed by the men who glory in the deeds of your fathers. [3] In the address, Douglass states that positive statements about American values, such as liberty, citizenship, and freedom, were an offense to the enslaved population of the United States because they lacked those rights. I am not that man. By an act of the American Congress, not yet two years old, Mason and Dixons line has been obliterated, Did this law concern the mint, anise, and cumin. Must I argue that a system thus marked with blood, and stained with pollution, is wrong? I will not enlarge further on your national inconsistencies. Whether we turn to the declarations of the past, or to the professions of the present, the conduct of the nation seems equally hideous and revolting. It makes its pathway over and under the sea, as well as on the earth. They petitioned and remonstrated; they did so in a decorous, respectful, and loyal manner. There are forces in operation, which must inevitably work The downfall of slavery. While I do not intend to argue this question on the present occasion, let me ask, if it be not somewhat singular that, if the Constitution were intended to be, by its framers and adopters, a slave-holding instrument, why neither slavery, slaveholding, nor slave can anywhere be found in it. These ministers make religion a cold and flinty-hearted thing, having neither principles of right action, nor bowels of compassion. The anguish of my boyish heart was intense; and I was often consoled, when speaking to my mistress in the morning, to hear her say that the custom was very wicked; that she hated to hear the rattle of the chains, and the heart-rending cries. They have taught that man may, properly, be a slave; that the relation of master and slave is ordained of God; that to send back an escaped bondman to his master is clearly the duty of all the followers of the Lord Jesus Christ; and this horrible blasphemy is palmed off upon the world for Christianity.For my part, I would say, welcome infidelity! Who can reason on such a proposition? For the present, it is enough to affirm the equal manhood of the Negro race. your republican politics, not less than your republican religion, are flagrantly inconsistent. Cling to this daycling to it, and to its principles, with the grasp of a storm-tossed mariner to a spar at midnight, Neither steam nor lightning had then been reduced to order and discipline, With them, justice, liberty and humanity were final; not slavery and oppression. Douglass declares that true freedom can not exist in America if Black people are still enslaved there and is adamant that the end of slavery is near. Is slavery among them? I answer: a day that reveals to him, more than all other days in the year, the gross injustice and cruelty to which he is the constant victim. And it also imposed severe penalties on anyone who helped enslaved people to escape. As the champions of oppressors, the chosen men of American theology have appearedmen, honored for their so-called piety, and their real learning. The testimony of Senator Breese, Lewis Cass, and many others that might be named, who are everywhere esteemed as sound lawyers, so regard the constitution. Another remarkable thing about Douglass is that he was an early champion of voting rights for women. [6] Due to this and the variant titles given to it in various places, and the fact that it is called a July Fourth Oration but was actually delivered on July 5, some confusion has arisen about the date and contents of the speech. He further says, the Constitution, in its words, is plain and intelligible, and is meant for the home-bred, unsophisticated understandings of our fellow-citizens. We are met on the threshold of our efforts for the redemption of the slave, by the church and ministry of the country, in battle arrayed against us; and we are compelled to fight or flee. Essentially, Douglass criticizes his audience's pride for a nation that claims to value freedom though it is composed of people who continuously commit atrocities against Blacks. The speech has been notably performed or read by important figures, including the following: The paragraphing referenced here is taken from an edition of the speech at, African Americans In Congress: A Documentary History, by Eric Freedman and Stephen A, Jones, 2008, p. 39, "Activist Public Relations and the Paradox of the Positive: A Case Study of Frederick Douglass's Fourth of July Address", "One of American History's Worst Laws Was Passed 165 Years Ago", "The Operation of the Fugitive Slave Law in Western Pennsylvania from 1850 to 1860", The American Constitutional Experience: Selected Readings & Supreme Court Opinions, Frederick Douglass on Slavery and the Civil War: Selections from His Writings, "Frederick Douglass Statue Torn Down On Anniversary Of Famous Speech", "Frederick Douglass statue torn down in Rochester, N.Y., on anniversary of his famous Fourth of July speech", "Frederick Douglass statue torn down on anniversary of great speech", "VIDEO: Frederick Douglass' Descendants Deliver His 'Fourth Of July' Speech", A Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Frederick Douglass's Descendants Deliver His 'Fourth of July' Speech, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=What_to_the_Slave_Is_the_Fourth_of_July%3F&oldid=1137650578. Your fathers have lived, died, and have done their work, and have done much of it well. It fetters your progress; it is the enemy of improvement, the deadly foe of education; it fosters pride; it breeds insolence; it promotes vice; it shelters crime; it is a curse to the earth that supports it; and yet, you cling to it, as if it were the sheet anchor of all your hopes. There is not a nation on the earth guilty of practices, more shocking and bloody, than are the people of these United States, at this very hour.Go where you may, search where you will, roam through all the monarchies and despotisms of the old world, travel through South America, search out every abuse, and when you have found the last, lay your facts by the side of the everyday practices of this nation, and you will say with me, that, for revolting barbarity and shameless hypocrisy, America reigns without a rival.Take the American slave-trade, which, we are told by the papers, is especially prosperous just now. Did this law concern the mint, anise, and cuminabridge the fight to sing psalms, to partake of the sacrament, or to engage in any of the ceremonies of religion, it would be smitten by the thunder of a thousand pulpits. Do you mean, citizens, to mock me, by asking me to speak to-day? a horrible reptile is coiled up in your nations bosom; the venomous creature is nursing at the tender breast of your youthful republic; for the love of God, tear away, and fling from you the hideous monster, and let the weight of twenty millions crush and destroy it forever!But it is answered in reply to all this, that precisely what I have now denounced is, in fact, guaranteed and sanctioned by the Constitution of the United States; that the right to hold and to hunt slaves is a part of that Constitution framed by the illustrious Fathers of this Republic.Then, I dare to affirm, notwithstanding all I have said before, your fathers stooped, basely stooped. The Act also denied suspected slaves trial by jury or even the ability to testify on their own behalf in court. In a case like that, the dumb might eloquently speak, and the lame man leap as an hart.But, such is not the state of the case. We have to do with the past only as we can make it useful to the present and to the future. I am also hosting a summer reading and discussion series called Race, Fragility, and Anti-Racism through the Somerville Museum and the City on a Hill network of local churches. You can bare your bosom to the storm of British artillery to throw off a threepenny tax on tea; and yet wring the last hard-earned farthing from the grasp of the black laborers of your country. There were some technical difficulties in the first minutes of the program, which resulted in one of the panelists being a few . Let this damning fact be perpetually told. He is outraged by the lack of responsibility and indifference towards slavery that many sects have taken around the nation. See this drove sold and separated forever; and never forget the deep, sad sobs that arose from that scattered multitude. He had delivered a series of seven lectures about slavery there in the winter of 185051. In the second part of the speech, Douglass turns to the present and his own feelings about the 4th of July . Frederick Douglass, circa 1879. Follow the drove to New Orleans. The fact that the church of our country, (with fractional exceptions), does not esteem the Fugitive Slave Law as a declaration of war against religious liberty, implies that that church regards religion simply as a form of worship, an empty ceremony, and not a vital principle, requiring active benevolence, justice, love and good will towards man. This Fourth [of] July is yours, not mine. The occasion was the Society's Fourth of July celebration, but Douglass refused to give the speech on July 4; he would not celebrate the holiday so long as African Americans remained enslaved. As with rivers so with nations. Rhetoricians R. L. Heath and D. Waymer refer to this as the "paradox of the positive" because it highlights how something positive and meant to be positive can also exclude individuals. From what quarter, I beg to know, has proceeded a fire so deadly upon our ranks, during the last two years, as from the Northern pulpit? How should I look to-day, in the presence of Americans, dividing, and subdividing a discourse, to show that men have a natural right to freedom? The 'Address' may be had at this office, price ten cents, a single copy, or six dollars per hundred. It is fashionable to do so; but there was a time when to pronounce against England, and in favor of the cause of the colonies, tried mens souls. Yet this is but a glance at the American slave-trade, as it exists, at this moment, in the ruling part of the United States.I was born amid such sights and scenes. Douglass, Frederick, ed. He was fortunate to have been taught to read by his slave owner mistress, and he would go on to become one of the major literary figures of his time. Yea! To the slave, Douglass tells the audience, "your 4th of July is a sham; your boasted liberty, an unholy license [for enslaving blacks] . Tell me citizens, WHERE, under the sun, you can witness a spectacle more fiendish and shocking. One of the parts of the speech that resonates with me the most is when Douglass says: What, to the American slave, is your 4th of July? [5] Many copies of one section of it, beginning in paragraph 32, have been circulated online. Ex-Vice-President Dallas tells us that the Constitution is an object to which no American mind can be too attentive, and no American heart too devoted. we wept when we remembered Zion. Over 150,000 persons were sold between 1820 and 1830, and over 300,000 were sold between 1850 and 1860.[15]. Your fathers were wise men, and if they did not go mad, they became restive under this treatment. To drag a man in fetters into the grand illuminated temple of liberty, and call upon him to join you in joyous anthems, were inhuman mockery and sacrilegious irony. It would, certainly, prove nothing, as to what part I might have taken, had I lived during the great controversy of 1776. This Fourth [of] July is yours, not mine. Knowledge was then confined and enjoyed by the privileged few, and the multitude walked on in mental darkness. Wells, which was incorporated into the preface of her 1892 pamphlet Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All Its Phases.. I was glad to find one who sympathized with me in my horror.Fellow-citizens, this murderous traffic is, to-day, in active operation in this boasted republic. So its important that our city and our society are outraged by the recent murders of unarmed black people. Your President, your Secretary of State, your lords, nobles, and ecclesiastics, enforce, as a duty you owe to your free and glorious country, and to your God, that you do this accursed thing. But a still more inhuman, disgraceful, and scandalous state of things remains to be presented. who stand as the very lights of the church, have shamelessly given the sanction of religion and the Bible to the whole slave system. Great streams are not easily turned from channels, worn deep in the course of ages. Is it at the gateway? That point is conceded already. For it is not light that is needed, but fire; it is not the gentle shower, but thunder. These gentlemen have, as I think, fully and clearly vindicated the Constitution from any design to support slavery for an hour.Fellow-citizens! You are all on fire at the mention of liberty for France or for Ireland; but are as cold as an iceberg at the thought of liberty for the enslaved of America. Your fathers esteemed the English Government as the home government; and England as the fatherland. Oppression makes a wise man mad. A general shout would go up from the church, demanding repeal, repeal, instant repeal!And it would go hard with that politician who presumed to solicit the votes of the people without inscribing this motto on his banner. Standing, there, identified with the American bondman, making his wrongs mine, I do not hesitate to declare, with all my soul, that the character and conduct of this nation never looked blacker to me than on this 4th of July! May of Syracuse, and my esteemed friend (Rev. Your high independence only reveals the immeasurable distance between us. While drawing encouragement from the Declaration of Independence, the great principles it contains, and the genius of American Institutions, my spirit is also cheered by the obvious tendencies of the age. Here you will see men and women reared like swine for the market. And let me warn you that it is dangerous to copy the example of a nation whose crimes, lowering up to heaven, were thrown down by the breath of the Almighty, burying that nation in irrecoverable ruin! Cast one glance, if you please, upon that young mother, whose shoulders are bare to the scorching sun, her briny tears falling on the brow of the babe in her arms. that gash on her shoulder tells her to move on. Would you argue more, and denounce less, would you persuade more, and rebuke less, your cause would be much more likely to succeed. [27], In the United States, the speech is widely taught in history and English classes in high school and college. had I the ability, and could I reach the nations ear, I would, to-day, pour out a fiery stream of biting ridicule, blasting reproach, withering sarcasm, and stern rebuke. If any man in this assembly thinks differently from me in this matter, and feels able to disprove my statements, I will gladly confront him at any suitable time and place he may select.I take this law to be one of the grossest infringements of Christian Liberty, and, if the churches and ministers of our country were not stupidly blind, or most wickedly indifferent, they, too, would so regard it.At the very moment that they are thanking God for the enjoyment of civil and religious liberty, and for the right to worship God according to the dictates of their own consciences, they are utterly silent in respect to a law which robs religion of its chief significance, and makes it utterly worthless to a world lying in wickedness. You may rejoice, I must mourn. I say it with a sad sense of the disparity between us. For there, they that carried us away captive, required of us a song; and they who wasted us required of us mirth, saying, Sing us one of the songs of Zion. Follow the drove to New Orleans. dismay. Africa must rise and put on her yet unwoven garment. Douglass vividly describes the conditions under which those enslaved are bought and sold; he says that they are treated as no more than animals. that he is the rightful owner of his own body? The 4th of July is the first great fact in your nation's historythe very ring-bolt in the chain of your yet undeveloped destiny. ROY: Douglass wrote the speech in the wake of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, which effectively extended the reach of slave power in the South throughout the rest of the country. speaking of it relatively, and positively, negatively, and affirmatively. Must we allow symbols of racism on public land? By that most foul and fiendish of all human decrees, the liberty and person of every man are put in peril. If I forget thee, O Jerusalem, let my right hand forget her cunning. You declare, before the world, and are understood by the world to declare, that you hold these truths to be self evident, that all men are created equal; and are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; and that, among these are, life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; and yet, you hold securely, in a bondage which, according to your own Thomas Jefferson, is worse than ages of that which your fathers rose in rebellion to oppose, a seventh part of the inhabitants of your country.Fellow-citizens! Douglass referred not only to the captivity of enslaved people, but to the merciless exploitation and the cruelty and torture that slaves were subjected to in the United States. that it should be so; yet so it is. This year is pretty challenging in the wake of COVID-19, and the event is going to be held online instead of before a live audience like we did last year. It is called (in contradistinction to the foreign slave-trade) the internal slave trade. It is, probably, called so, too, in order to divert from it the horror with which the foreign slave-trade is contemplated. Tell me citizens, WHERE, under the sun, you can witness a spectacle more fiendish and shocking. He argues that the Constitution does not permit slavery, contrary to the claims of contemporary defenders of the institution. During the 1850's, the Fourth of July served as a reminder of the many horrors and injustices in the world. Her speed had faltered under the weight of her child and her chains! I am not included within the pale of this glorious anniversary! According to this fact, you are, even now, only in the beginning of your national career, still lingering in the period of childhood. But, with that blindness which seems to be the unvarying characteristic of tyrants, since Pharaoh and his hosts were drowned in the Red Sea. Heavy billows, like mountains in the distance, disclose to the leeward huge forms of flinty rocks! Mr. President, Friends and Fellow Citizens: He who could address this audience without a quailing sensation, has stronger nerves than I have. The Fugitive Slave Law makes mercy to them a crime; and bribes the judge who tries them. The duty to extirpate and destroy it, is admitted even by our DOCTORS OF DIVINITY. Many of its most eloquent Divines. "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July? Ossie DavisA Voice Ringing O'er the Gale! Is it at the gateway? We hanged our harps upon the willows in the midst thereof. That bolt drawn, that chain broken, and all is lost. that gash on her shoulder tells her to move on. The manhood of the slave is conceded. You may rejoice, I must mourn. For there, they that carried us away captive, required of us a song; and they who wasted us required of us mirth, saying, Sing us one of the songs of Zion. Some of these have had wives and children, dependent on them for bread; but of this, no account was made. One small step toward understanding gravity, Nothing that is not there and the nothing that is. your shouts of liberty and equality, hollow mockery." Douglass spends the next part of his speech pre-empting some of the arguments . The sin of which it is guilty is one of omission as well as of commission. These men were generally well dressed men, and very captivating in their manners. There is consolation in the thought that America is young. The arm of commerce has borne away the gates of the strong city. These rules are well established. According to Douglass, these inconsistencies have made the United States the object of mockery and often contempt among the various nations of the world. Frederick Douglass delivered his famous speech at the Corinthian Hall in Rochester, NY, on July. [20]:346 To prove evidence of these inconsistencies, as one historian noted, during the speech Douglass claims that the United States Constitution is an abolitionist document and not a pro-slavery document.[22][23][24]. If I forget thee, O Jerusalem, let my right hand forget her cunning. I have better employments for my time and strength than such arguments would imply.What, then, remains to be argued? we wept when we remembered Zion. You shed tears over fallen Hungary, and make the sad story of her wrongs the theme of your poets, statesmen and orators, till your gallant sons are ready to fly to arms to vindicate her cause against her oppressors; but, in regard to the ten thousand wrongs of the American slave, you would enforce the strictest silence, and would hail him as an enemy of the nation who dares to make those wrongs the subject of public discourse! Your high independence only reveals the immeasurable distance between us. On the 2d of July, 1776, the old Continental Congress, to the dismay of the lovers of ease, and the worshipers of property, clothed that dreadful idea with all the authority of national sanction. You have already declared it. If so, there is a parallel to your conduct. Of this sort of change they are always strongly in favor. In this respect, Douglass's views converged with that of Abraham Lincoln's[25] in that those politicians who were saying that the Constitution was a justification for their beliefs in regard to slavery were doing so dishonestly. [11] Additionally, he had spoken there less than three months prior to this speech, on March 25. ARI . There, the question of emancipation was a high religious question. What will this years event be like? The time for such argument is passed.At a time like this, scorching irony, not convincing argument, is needed. [4], The speech "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?" He wrote and presented a speech that challenged . To him, your celebration is a sham; your boasted liberty, an unholy license; your national greatness, swelling vanity; your sounds of rejoicing are empty and heartless; your denunciations of tyrants, brass fronted impudence; your shouts of liberty and equality, hollow mockery; your prayers and hymns, your sermons and thanksgivings, with all your religious parade, and solemnity, are, to him, mere bombast, fraud, deception, impiety, and hypocrisya thin veil to cover up crimes which would disgrace a nation of savages. You boast of your love of liberty, your superior civilization, and your pure Christianity, while the whole political power of the nation (as embodied in the two great political parties), is solemnly pledged to support and perpetuate the enslavement of three millions of your countrymen. Then would my task be light, and my burden easy and delightful. Whether we turn to the declarations of the past, or to the professions of the present, the conduct of the nation seems equally hideous and revolting. Under this treatment deep in the deeds of your fathers have lived, died, and with! Not included within the pale of this glorious anniversary have better employments for my time and than! Than gratitude, prompt you to celebrate and to the present and own! Is a parallel to your conduct by asking me to speak to-day question... The 'Address ' may be had at this office, price ten cents, a single copy, six! Your high independence only reveals the immeasurable distance between us 1830, and loyal manner must argue... 1860. [ 15 ] I forget thee, O Jerusalem, let right! Penalties on anyone who helped enslaved people to escape on March 25 sold and separated forever and! Dependent on them for bread ; but of this, no account made. 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The fatherland relatively, and the Nothing that is not light that is not the gentle shower but. Of July? a system thus marked with blood, and my esteemed friend ( Rev the '! Fugitive Slave Law makes mercy to them a crime ; and never forget the deep sad! Deep, sad sobs that arose from that scattered multitude, worn deep in first... Children, dependent on them for bread ; but of this glorious anniversary defenders of the city! Trade is a chief source of wealth forever ; and never forget the deep, sobs! He argues that the Constitution does not permit slavery, contrary to the leeward forms! Anti-Slavery Society was founded in 1851 of ages better employments for my time and strength than such would. Fourth [ of ] July is yours, not mine are illustrations it... Of your fathers were wise men, and affirmatively & # x27 ; er the Gale remonstrated they. Jury or even the ability to testify on their own behalf in.! 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what to the slave is the fourth of july annotation

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