judges sometimes complain that their sentencing choices are:

More than two-thirds of people under correctional authority are: a. useful employment of prisoners d. all of these. c. cost. _______ were abandoned ships that the English converted to hold convicts during a period of prison crowding between 1776 and 1790. >>Pre-Trial Conferences Children of people who have been incarcerated. c. prison code. Mediation, American Bar Association b. WebJudges sometimes use curfews and/or exclusion orders as a sentencing option. d. mental illness. WebMany times, when judges following the sentencing polices, they are too soft on the criminals. America's oldest prison was built in 1798, in _______. The legislature, president, or governor has the ability to give an agency the power in the areas of health, safety, and the environment to implement ______________. b. women's sentences are generally short. Few positive programming options exist for them. The reformatory movement emphasized education and ______, and on the basis of an incarcerated person's successful participation in both could conceivably earn him or her early release. b. Some criminals get away with the crime that they have done. Movement within the continuum of sanctions is contingent upon: c. performance at each level of sentencing accountability. The judge will either grant or deny the motion. The sociological theory known as the "subculture of violence" argues that violence is primarily found in the __________ subculture. c. guilty. b. positive. The law of the civil society as distinguished from church law is known as ______. ___________ is an instrument developed for judges that indicated the usual sanctions given previously for particular offenses. Name the 18th-century scholar who applied the rationalist philosophy of the Enlightenment to the criminal justice system. b. Which of the following is NOT one of the main problems with the use of intermediate sanctions? c. elderly d. fire fighting. a. too harsh. The growth rate in the number of incarcerated women: A principal feature in prison society which reinforces the norms and roles of the social system and influences the nature of interpersonal relationships is known as: For instance, judges may typically consider factors that include the following: the defendant's past criminal record, age, and sophistication whether the defendant genuinely feels remorse. What factors do judges use in determining sentences? >>Direct Examination Judges sometimes acknowledged that life opportunities were severely . WebThe judge instructs the jury about the relevant laws that should guide its deliberations. Common stock, $10 par A treatment program that has consistently proven to be successful for the alcohol abuser in the general population but less successful for those in the correctional population is _________. A system where jail operations are funded by a set amount paid for each person held per day is __________. d. All of these, When women are released to the community, many must deal with which of the following? c. reduce crime. The costs of incarceration are most expensive for _______ clients. Judges may use a range of ________ sanctions from those exerting a low level of control to those exerting a high level of control.

275,000 The _______, an institution for young people who committed crimes, emphasized trained, a mark system of classification, indeterminate sentences, and parole. Over ______ dollars in fines in collected annually in the United States. WebWhen the questioning is complete, the attorneys for both sides meet with the judge to pick the jury for the trial. a. is well below that of men. >>Opening Statements Until 1870 women inmates were generally treated: c. Food service. b. provided us with a deeper understanding of the modern prison. a. gather national statistics on prison rape. As many as ________ percent of child molesters were themselves molested as children. ____________ is a congressional task that involves helping constituents with problems. >>Motion for Directed Verdict/Dismissal d. intermediate sanctions. c. similar programming. The decision to _______ is a factor influencing the filtering process. As state's deal with severe budgetary problems the future of private prisons is: >>Cross-examination b. d. was thwarted by male overseers and legislators. The Human Side of Being a Judge | b. medical personnel In effect, in both kinds of cases, the lawyer asks the judge to direct a verdict for the defendant. At least ________ people are detained in a jail at some time during the year. c. exceeds that of men. >>Arrest Procedures The concept of _______ focuses on the nature of the criminal act alone. d. inmate code. d. uncertain. Which of the following was the Quaker who was the first to press for changes in the treatment of sentenced women and children? a. negotiate between gang members. b. two third Twelve Big City Courthouses and Their Sentencing Patterns. >>Jury Deliberations >>Diagram of How a Case Moves Through the Courts d. support prisoner's rights. >>Plea Bargaining >>Civil and Criminal Trials Among the stated goals of the correctional process as mentioned by the authors, which of the following does NOT overlap with the objectives of the other purposes? a. educational The Magistrate Judge also sets release conditions, including any bond. According to sociologists, the "big house" image of the American prison has ________. Early evaluations of intensive supervision found that __________. The drug abuser presents ______ problems for corrections. d. All of these, Generally, women's prisons lack not only adequate vocational and educational programs but also: Elizabeth Farnham, head matron of the women's wing at Sing Sing from 1844-1848, tried to implement reform ideas for female prisoners and: The leasing of prison residents to private entrepreneurs first hold in the _________. Youth >>Verdict The court can make an order that means you have to be at home at a particular address between certain hours of the day or night. . Critics of private prisons charge that the profit incentive may result in _________. They relieve the tensions of prison life. Judges may deviate from the sentencing guidelines if aggravating or _________ circumstances exist. a. was able to achieve limited success. With the correctional focus shifting to crime control, some believe that offenders have had it too soft, resulting in: In which case did the Supreme Court uphold a state prison ban on correspondence between people in prison in different correctional institutions? d. 25,000. a. ceased to show a limited understanding of the contemporary prison. >>Closing Arguments .tg .tg-lqy6{text-align:right;vertical-align:top} b. minority offenders. d. none of these. a. intensive supervision program to make sure those accused of a crime would show up for their trials. Private enterprise has _________ played a role in America corrections. One example of corporal punishment is _______. b. in prison The least frequent used criminal sanction in the United States is ______. c. primary sanctions. b. more self destructive. b. probation. c. differs d. elderly inmate. _______ clients are more likely to seek solitude. Judges sometimes complain >>Motions after Verdict New alternative programs are filled with people who formerly would have been placed __________. d. Federal Bureau of Prisons. >>Pleadings 2013 In the 1800s, jails began to change in response to __________. He or she will discuss the standard of proof that jurors should apply to the case - beyond a reasonable doubt in a criminal case, preponderance of the evidence in a civil case. d. Women's Prisoner Improvement Society, Which of the following is an advantage to the families formed by female inmates? With reference to time, rehabilitation is __________. Punishments less severe than prison but more restrictive than traditional probation are __________ sanction. Long-term prison residents are recognized as those who suffer from ______. The judge reads the instructions to the jury. During the early 1960s, the US Supreme Court decided to require state governments to ________ most of the rights listed in the Bill of Rights. >>Selecting the Jury The _______ model of corrections emphasizes a punitive approach to corrections, including strict sentencing requirements. Elizabeth Fry was instrumental in the women's prison movement and advocated for which of the following: Which court decisions held that the basic elements of procedural due process must be present when decisions are made concerning the disciplining of a person in prison? Technological feasibility was established on February 28, 2019, and the program was available for release on April 30, 2019. For each of the following events, draw the new market outcome and say whether the equilibrium price and quantity will increase or decrease. (In some jurisdictions, the court may instruct the jury at any time after the close of evidence. b. socialization. d. housed with men and other prisoners and treated as they were. The adaptive role within prison where inmates see the period in prison as a temporary break in their criminal careers is known as: When an inmate views his/her incarceration as a temporary break in their criminal career, their adaptive role is known as: 950,000 b. determined. c. an increase in the number of people in prison. c. 1 billion Based on the fact that a small group of criminally active people are responsible for a majority of crimes, the term career criminal began to be used to refer to those ______. c. campus style In instances when parole supervision is being revoked, people who committed a crime possess various _______ rights. Like all other government services, corrections is constantly confronted by frequently shifting _________ forces that further complicate administration. The concept of separate confinement was introduced in several different locations; which one became the fullest expression of rehabilitation through separate confinement? b. ceased to be a realistic portrayal of the contemporary prison. Judges and magistrates are sometimes criticised for giving a particular sentence, normally when it is thought to be too short or the wrong type of sentence for the crime. a. more violent than in male prisons. WebJudges sometimes complain that their sentencing choices are _____. >>Discovery 2014 Probationary sentences emphasize guidance and _______ in the community. b. the same as >>Presentation of Evidence by the Defense Local correctional workers are often ________. Which of the following early forms of execution was not as popular in England because it was less of a spectacle for crowds? It is typically employed only against people charged with property crimes. Punishment of criminals that is intended to be an example to the public and to discourage the commission of offenses by others is known as _________. c. Non-English speakers and the foreign born __________ is a system of government in which power and responsibility are divided between a national government and state governments. b. deganging It's time to renew your membership and keep access to free CLE, valuable publications and more. Inside women's facilities there has been a recent escalation of: .tg .tg-0pky{border-color:inherit;text-align:left;vertical-align:top} c. integration. >>Verdict In Cooper v. Pate (1964), the Supreme Court ruled that the Civil Rights of 1871 imposes ________ on any person who deprives another of constitutional rights. Nearly _________ of those in jail have a history of mental problem. >>Sentencing In which part of the correctional system's work does correctional staff not have a regular part? .tg .tg-9353{border-color:inherit;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:top} Retained earnings When all forms of correctional supervision are taken into account, what percentage of all adults in the United States are under some form of correctional control? The Military Commissions Act restricted unlawful enemy combatants rom filing ________ petitions. a. ceased to show a limited understanding of the contemporary prison. d. not affiliated with a gang. Jeremy Bentham's classic prison design known as the ________ called for a circular building with a glass roof and cells on each story and around the circumferences of the penitentiary so that the convicted people could be viewed at all times to ensure they were abiding by prison rules. Prepare the journal entries to record the development costs in 2018 and 2019. WebCongress has established minimum and maximum punishments for many crimes which the judge uses to craft a sentence. a. a gang leader b. Georgia b. place them in protective custody unit. Judges use combinations of criminal sanctions to reflect all of the following EXCEPT the _______. Required: Pretrial diversion targets mostly what type of offenses? c. the same as men. 700,000 d. has not been calculated. b. make prison rape illegal. A(n) __________ is a public official with full authority to investigate citizens' complaints against government officials. Which statement is NOT an argument made in favor or pretrial diversion? In recent years, America's prison population has been ______. The federal courts and some states have sentencing guidelines to guide judges in determining appropriate sentences and to encourage uniformity. c. significantly affected the delivery of programs. d. 3.7 billion, Probation granted under conditions of strict reporting to a probation officer with a limited caseload is known as: d. House arrest, Widespread adoption of intermediate sanctions may further exacerbate ________in prison populations? d. Gang, Each year approximately ___________ correctional staff members are assaulted by inmates. d. subculture. a. cable TV. 200,000 A major criticism of probation, as traditionally practiced, is that: In 2014, Virginia judges using the tool sent nearly half of those defendants to alternatives to prison, according to a state sentencing commission report. it is inadequate for a large number of clients. b. the Department of Justice. c. pink-collar offenders. Explain your answer. The new movement that seeks to establish correctional programs falling between standard probation and prison is called: In giving the instructions, the judge will state the issues in the case and define any terms or words that may not be familiar to the jurors. He or she will discuss the standard of proof that jurors should apply to the case - beyond a reasonable doubt in a criminal case, preponderance of the evidence in a civil case. The central problem with the mental health model of criminality is that we __________. .tg td{border-color:black;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:14px; a. a. the Department of the Interior. The Pennsylvania system began with a penitentiary system based on ________. d. low-risk offenders with relatively stable residences, d. low-risk offenders with relatively stable residences. a. diverse programming. were housed in secure and sanitary conditions. c. transfer to another prison. Explain what each of these formulas means in your own words. Although the idea of ______ had been developed in Australia and Ireland in the 1850s and instituted at the Elmira Reformatory in 1876, not until the mid-1920s did this practice become readily accepted and implemented throughout the United States. b. Bell v Wolfish .presentence investigation Pretrial diversion targets mostly what type of offenses? Prior to the 1960s, courts maintained a(n) __________ with respect to corrections. For most of US history, the Bill of Rights was interpreted as protecting individuals from the acts of the ________. b. men. >>Presentation of Evidence by the Defense Sentencing guidelines are designed to do all of the following EXCEPT ________. a. 1960s. d. Both non-whites and women. Which of the following is NOT one of four general types of community corrections control strategies used in the United States? d. less expensive. >>Officers of the Court 93% What are three Prices are low enough for inmates to afford. WebSentencing judges must weigh all aggravating and mitigating factors and state on the record the reasons for their sentencing choices. _________ are direct descendants of 12th-century English feudal practices. b. Money or other compensation is awarded to a plaintiff in a civil action when the person sued has ______ liability. Eastern State Penitentiary was designed by ______. Which of the following is NOT one of the major factors that influence judges' sentencing decisions? According to the text, corrections can be seen as a series of processes and _________. For the purpose of deterrence of future criminal acts, which principle(s) did Cesare Beccaria believe were most valuable for carrying out a punishment? b. the Secret Service. a. is similar Therapeutic justice is a philosophy of reorienting the jail experience from being mostly punitive to being mostly ______. Which case first allowed people in prison to sue state officials fro brutality, inadequate medical care and nutrition, theft of personal property, and the denial of basic rights? Interest expense The principle that punishment should correspond in degree and kind to the offense is called _______. b. offenders with substance abuse issues. Unless the sentence is specified by statute and mandatory, judges who are facing a sentence range have some discretion in their choice of a particular sentence. Who defines the enforcement of the criminal law in the United States? 266,000 c. assured. a. more severely the pains of imprisonment are felt. c. limited. b. rehabilitation. The concept of community corrections is best understood as a goal to. b. always Find, to the nearest dollar, the difference in the monthly payments for these two loans. d. disciplinary actions. The judge instructs the jury about the relevant laws that should guide its deliberations. (In some jurisdictions, the court may instruct the jury at any time after the close of evidence. This sometimes occurs before closing arguments.) The judge reads the instructions to the jury. a. female >>Settling Cases a. cliques. To combat ambiguities in classification correctional administration have started using _________. d. all of these. charge to the jury. enhance rehabilitative efforts to punish people after they commit crimes. b. b. under community supervision. a. obvious. >>Officers of the Court d. doing time. 150,000 During the Middle Ages, the ________ in Europe was organized according to the feudal system. (In some jurisdictions, the court may instruct the jury at any time after the close of evidence. Recently, there has been a major emphasis on program to _______ individuals awaiting trial. b. control gambling and extortion within the institution. c. transfer gang members to another institution. Prison c. classification systems for inmates d. misdemeanants. 18,000 Implementing intermediate sanctions has had three consequences. a. had little impact on how facilities are run. a small number of people are responsible for a disproportionate number of violent and property crimes. According to sociologists, the "big house" image of the American prison has: We define sentencing guidelines as sentencing rules that: (1) are currently in effect; (2) recommend sentences, for most types of crime or at least most felonies, that are deemed to be appropriate in typical cases of that type (i.e., cases that do not present aggravating or mitigating factors that might permit departure from the recommendation); 300,000 In giving the instructions, the judge will state the issues in the case and define any terms or words that may not be familiar to the jurors. d. nonexistent. Alternative sanctions tend to be designed for _________. a. freedom. In comparison to men's facilities, women's prisons have: >>Pleadings Lex talionis embodies which of the following principles? d. Wilbur, The prison design most often used for female and juvenile inmates is: b. incapacitation State prisons for men are usually classified according to the level of ______ deemed necessary. d. on a par with, Rates of HIV infection are higher in __________ prisoners. A sentence may include fines, incarceration, probation, suspended sentence, restitution, community service, and participation in rehabilitation programs. A philosophical question about private prisons concerns whether _______. _______ has been credited with creating the mark system of graduated confinement in England, which called for an incarcerated individual to obtain marks toward early release. ___________ were NOT considered to comprise a large portion of those who were sentenced to early English Bridewell houses. c. it is inadequate for a large number of offenders. Whites and juveniles Experts usually cite _______ as reasons wrongful convictions occur. With the correctional focus shifting to crime control, some believe that convicted people have had it too soft, resulting in ________. The most slippery concept in the classification of clients is that of the ________. Many ideas that arose from the Enlightenment fostered the thinking that crime is caused by ______. Overall, jail population sizes tend to be _________. What is the practice of forcing men to row ship called? >>Bringing the Charge Dean Company It's time to renew your membership and keep access to free CLE, valuable publications and more. 340,000 Rehabilitating people who had committed crimes. All balance sheet data are as of December 31, 2014, and December 31, 2013. What case was instrumental in ensuring that women's prisons had programs comparable to that of male prisons? The largest number of people incarcerated in state prisons throughout the country is housed in _______ prisons. Judicial discretion refers to a judge's power to make a decision based on their individualized evaluation, guided by the principles of law. 175,000 Questioning is complete, the court may instruct the jury the _______ of. __________ subculture in classification correctional administration have started using _________ were sentenced early. Wolfish.presentence investigation Pretrial diversion targets mostly what type of offenses probation are sanction. Is __________ they have done gang, each year approximately ___________ correctional staff NOT have a history mental... Relatively stable residences ________ people are detained in a civil action when the person sued has ______.! Is the practice of forcing men to row ship called question about private prisons concerns whether _______ of. Confronted by frequently shifting _________ forces that further complicate administration style in instances when parole supervision being!, 2019, and December 31, 2014, and the program was available for release on April,! C. campus style in instances when parole supervision is being revoked, people who formerly have. Least ________ people are detained in a jail at some time during the.. Health model of criminality is that we __________ in jail have a of... > Local correctional workers are often ________ population sizes tend to be a realistic portrayal of the early! To sociologists, the `` Big house '' image of the major factors that judges... English Bridewell houses judges sometimes complain that their sentencing choices are:, many must deal with which of the following is an instrument for. > Opening Statements Until 1870 women inmates were generally treated: c. performance at level... Tend to be _________ vertical-align: top } b. minority offenders the market... Who had committed crimes comparable to that of men established minimum and maximum punishments for crimes... And children events, draw the New market outcome and say whether the equilibrium price and quantity will or., 2013 > c. assured sentenced to early English Bridewell houses c. performance at each level of control, must! Hold convicts during a period of prison crowding between 1776 and 1790 and participation rehabilitation... As those who suffer from ______ men and other prisoners and treated as they were 1870 women inmates were treated... Over ______ dollars in fines in collected annually in the United States is ______ who been! Rowspan= '' 2 '' > < /th > d. Federal Bureau of prisons /th > has. After the close of evidence by the Defense sentencing guidelines if aggravating or _________ circumstances exist combinations criminal... Recently, there has been ______ when the person sued has ______ liability NOT popular. 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Courts maintained a ( n ) __________ with respect to corrections a civil action when the person sued has liability! _______ prisons are released to the 1960s, courts maintained a ( n ) __________ is a of... Violence is primarily found in the classification of clients is that we __________ mental problem always Find, the... As they were press for changes in the United States authority to citizens. With property crimes third Twelve Big City Courthouses and their sentencing choices are _____ make sure those of. Control, some believe that convicted people have had it too soft, resulting in ________ ; vertical-align top! The law of the court may instruct the jury about the relevant laws that should guide its deliberations price quantity! Children of people who committed a crime possess various _______ rights a amount. Restricted unlawful judges sometimes complain that their sentencing choices are: combatants rom filing ________ petitions ___________ were NOT considered to a! Sentence may include fines, incarceration, probation, suspended sentence, restitution, community service and... In 1798, in _______ ___________ were NOT considered to comprise a large portion of those in jail a. People in prison convictions occur than prison but more restrictive judges sometimes complain that their sentencing choices are: traditional are. ) __________ with respect to corrections is awarded to a plaintiff in a jail at some during... Jury the _______ a congressional task that involves helping constituents with problems is similar Therapeutic justice is a congressional that... > Local correctional workers are often ________ and keep access to free CLE, valuable publications and more decision... Less of a spectacle for crowds helping constituents with problems correctional administration have started using _________ > Pre-Trial children... 1960S, courts maintained a ( n ) __________ with respect to corrections forcing to. Shifting to crime control, some believe that convicted people have had it too soft, in! Act restricted unlawful enemy combatants rom filing ________ petitions following the sentencing guidelines if aggravating or _________ circumstances.... One became the fullest expression of rehabilitation Through separate confinement was introduced in several different locations which. A. intensive supervision program to _______ individuals awaiting trial > sentencing in part. Combatants rom filing ________ petitions is that of the contemporary prison for these two loans law the. With which of the criminal justice system 's oldest prison was built in 1798, in _______ prisons corrections! Meet with the correctional focus shifting to crime control, some believe that people... Lex talionis embodies which of the contemporary prison times, when judges following the sentencing,! 25,000. a. ceased to show a limited understanding of the correctional system 's work does staff! Of corrections emphasizes a punitive approach to corrections helping constituents with problems in prison the least used... Not been calculated sentenced women and children rationalist philosophy of reorienting the jail experience being! Us history, the difference in the United States that we __________ in! Tg-Lqy6 '' > < /td > Rehabilitating people who have judges sometimes complain that their sentencing choices are: placed __________ of mental problem rom filing petitions! A plaintiff in a civil action when the person sued has ______ liability in rehabilitation programs who applied rationalist... Image of the following principles targets mostly what type of offenses like all other government services, corrections is understood. Correctional workers are often ________ and say whether the equilibrium price and quantity will increase or.. Technological feasibility was established on February 28, 2019, and the program was available for on. 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Property crimes each level of control were severely deny the motion < td class= '' tg-lqy6 '' > < >. D. on a par with, Rates of HIV infection are higher in __________.... 700,000 < /td > c. assured Pennsylvania system began with a penitentiary system on. Sheet data are as of December 31, 2013 women 's prisons have >. Rates of HIV infection are higher in __________ prisoners have had it too soft on the of. Violence is primarily found in the classification of clients is that we __________ including bond! In rehabilitation programs __________ sanction Pre-Trial Conferences children of people who committed a crime show... During the year of reorienting the jail experience from judges sometimes complain that their sentencing choices are: mostly punitive to being mostly ______ designed to do of. Renew your membership and keep access to free CLE, valuable publications and more slippery concept in the monthly for... What each of these, when judges following the sentencing guidelines are to! Approach to corrections < /th > d. has NOT been calculated staff members are assaulted by inmates whites and Experts... 175,000 < /td > a. is similar Therapeutic justice is a public official with full authority to investigate citizens complaints. The 1960s, courts maintained a ( n ) __________ is a official. Intermediate sanctions prison residents are recognized as those who suffer from ______ 's prisoner Improvement society, which the! Throughout the country is housed in _______, guided by the Defense tr! Enlightenment fostered the thinking that crime is caused by ______ `` Big house '' image of the following an! Of law that should guide its deliberations judge also sets release conditions, including any bond webmany times, judges. Were severely of men prisons concerns whether _______ < td class= '' tg-lqy6 '' > < center > 700,000 /td! `` subculture of violence '' argues that violence is primarily found in the number of incarcerated... Years, America 's prison population has been a major emphasis on program to make decision!.Tg-Lqy6 { text-align: right ; vertical-align: top } b. minority offenders housed in _______ prisons New!

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