engineering controls and containment devices quizlet

They include specific equipment, infrastructure and design elements. Regular evaluation can check whether controls are effective in reducing workers exposures and identify potential improvements. Lead burning, a process by which virgin or alloyed lead is melted with a torch or otherwise fused to another lead object, is typically performed in maintenance operations on electrostatic precipitators or during the installation of lead shot, bricks, or sheets in the walls or floors of health-care x-ray units or industrial sites. Engineering control can also be said to be is a piece of equipment, a machine, or mechanical device designed to minimise the harm associated with a hazard. A safety device that detects the flow of current to the ground and opens the circuit to interrupt the flow. with a less hazardous one. Use shrouded tools wherever feasible (shrouding can restrict accessibility to the work area) with vacuum attachment to collect dust and debris at the point of generation (Figure V:3-4). The process of heating the lead and applying it as a liquid presents an opportunity for exposure to lead-oxide fumes. Sponge jetting involves the use of specialized blasting equipment that propels a combination of an abrasive material (e.g., steel, garnet) encased in a soft sponge (foam) medium. 0000005087 00000 n Applying non-lead containing paints and primers. Although this list of operations is extensive, it is not necessarily inclusive (i.e, other construction activities not mentioned here may also involve lead exposure). 0000022689 00000 n Y. Administration - implementing safe work procedures, housekeeping policies, training, and supervision to improve chemical safety. However, worker 8-hour TWA exposures to metal fumes are usually low due to the limited durations of exposure associated with soldering and brazing work. Because most field soldering and brazing work is conducted with a torch, it is difficult to regulate operating temperatures to within recommended limits to reduce the amount of metal fumes generated. Containment structures that are provided with negative-pressure dilution ventilation systems to reduce airborne lead concentrations within the enclosure, increase visibility, and control emissions of particulate matter to the environment. << Examples of engineering controls used in laboratories at Cornell include dilution ventilation, local exhaust ventilation, chemical fume hoods, glove . In addition, ensure to the extent possible that workers are upstream from the blasting operation to reduce their exposure to lead dust entrained in the ventilation air. CDC twenty four seven. Examples of work practice controls The lead used for this purpose must be liquefied. 0000010857 00000 n /Parent 2 0 R A torque of $0.015 \mathrm{~N} \cdot \mathrm{m}$ is required to rotate a $4-\mathrm{cm}$-radius cylinder inside a fixed $5-\mathrm{cm}$-radius cylinder at $40 \mathrm{~rad} / \mathrm{s}$. The shroud must be kept flush with the surface. Some containment structures consist of tarpaulins made of open mesh fabrics (screens) that are loosely fitted around the blasting area; some use rigid materials such as wood, metal, or plastic to enclose the blasting area; and some use a combination of flexible and rigid materials. In addition, some vacuum heads are so heavy that mechanical suspension systems are needed to support them, and even then, the blasters may need to take frequent breaks. Evaluate Exposure /T1_3 10 0 R Inhibitors are also often required to avoid flash rusting. Prohibit burning to remove lead-based paint. The demolition of lead-painted plaster walls or building components is usually performed by striking a wall with a sledge hammer or similar tool. Mini-enclosures have advantages over larger conventional enclosures because the same size fan and dust collector can achieve much higher velocities past the helmets of the workers. Work clothing should be worn only on the job site. The hierarchy of controls is a way of determining which actions will best control exposures. Other members of the household may then be exposed to harmful amounts of lead. Use of techniques with known low exposure potential, such as encapsulation and removal or replacement instead of hand-scraping and hand-sanding. This results in an uncontrolled release of dust. Which type of Laminar Flow Hood should not be used for hazardous chemicals? This chapter also describes those lead-related tasks and operations that give rise to lead exposures among construction workers. This may be achieved by installing sheet-rock walls on top of the paint, covering surfaces with fiberglass, or recoating housing components with a nonlead-based paint. Differential pressure 0._____" WC negative, Chapter 10: Sterile Compounding and Aseptic T, Chapter 3 Pharmacy Law, Regulations, & Ethics, Fundamentals of Engineering Economic Analysis, David Besanko, Mark Shanley, Scott Schaefer, Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, Hendrick Van Ness, J.M. The employer also must ensure that employees wear the respiratory protection provided when it is required. When employee exposure is above the PEL, the lead standard requires the employer to provide, and ensure that workers use, adequate shower facilities (where feasible), hand-washing facilities, clean change areas, and separate noncontaminated eating areas. Each can be used with or without a local exhaust ventilation control. Noise, Falls, Silica, Aerosols, Asphalt fumes, Formaldehyde, Hazardous Drugs, Lead, Asbestos, Carbon Monoxide, Nitrous Oxide, Glutaraldehyde, more, Bloodborne Infections, Healthcare, Construction, Hearing Loss Prevention, Indoor Environmental Quality, Personal Protective Equipment, more, fb icon Facebookinsta icon Instagram Pinterest twitter icon Twitteryoutube icon YouTube device icon more sites. Complete containment of noise, heat, or pressure-producing processes. How do stiffness, density, and temperature affect sound waves? OSHA's lead standard for construction applies to any construction activity that potentially exposes workers to airborne concentrations of lead. If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. Some chemical stripping products are toxic (e.g. 0000004636 00000 n This could include changing the work process to stop using a toxic chemical, heavy object, or sharp tool. /Rotate 0 /T1_6 12 0 R A variety of materials such as slags and steel grit are available as alternative blasting media. Saving Lives, Protecting People, The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Reducing material handling injuries with engineering controls, Preventing Deaths in Manure Storage Facilities Through Proper Ventilation, Silica Hazards from Engineered Stone Countertops, Best Practices: Engineering Controls, Work Practices, and Exposure Monitoring for Occupational Exposures to Diacetyl and 2,3-Pentanedione, OSHA/NIOSH Hazard Alert: Methylene Chloride Hazards for Bathtub Refinishers, Preventing Hazardous Noise and Hearing Loss during Project Design and Operation, Reducing Musculoskeletal Disorders among Airport Baggage Screeners and Handlers, Reducing Hazardous Dust Exposure When Dowel Drilling in Concrete, Reducing Hazardous Dust Exposure When Cutting Fiber-Cement Siding, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, NIOSH Directory of Engineering Controls Resources, Hazards Where Engineering Controls are Effective, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. Glove boxesare a good example of enclosure and isolation. /T1_5 17 0 R Explain your reasoning using thermodynamic concepts. If used properly, vacuum blast cleaning can achieve cleaning of good quality with minimal dust generation except in areas where access is difficult because of configuration (such as between back-to-back angles). Examples of engineering controls are safe needle devices or lab equipment like sealed centrifuge rotors. outside via a properly functioning _______ _________, Cabinet supply fans draw room air (plus a portion of Using local exhaust ventilation with proper filtration. The construction activities identified range from those such as abrasive blasting and welding, cutting, and burning, where exposures to lead are often high, to encapsulating lead-based paint or using lead pots, where exposures are generally low. Dust generation, debris generation, and the type of containment necessary in ultrahigh-pressure water jetting are comparable to those in high-pressure water jetting. After the old mortar has been removed, new lead-containing mortar (which is high in lead oxide content) is mixed in small batches to prevent its drying out before use. Because many corrosion inhibitors (e.g., nitrates, nitrites, and amines) raise industrial hygiene concerns, their use must be considered carefully. Engineering controls can reduce harm by: Examples of Hazards Where Engineering Controls are Effective. containment (i.e., a closed-system transfer device [e.g., PhaSeal] with a BSC or a CACI that is located in a non-negative pressure Table 21-3. Thank you for taking the time to confirm your preferences. To learn more about how engineering controls fit into the strategy for reducing and/or eliminating occupational hazards, visit our hierarchy of controls website. Dilution ventilation, on the other hand, allows lead particles generated by work activities to spread throughout the work area and then dilutes the concentration of particles by circulating large quantities of air into and out from the work area. Summary of Secondary Engineering Controls Required for Each Classification of Compounded Sterile Preparation (CSP) Type of CSP per USP Chapter <797> ISO Class Requirement Segregated Compound- compounding devices must be moved during each daily cleaning of the PEC. The concentric cylinders are $50 \mathrm{~cm}$ long. /T1_1 7 0 R The product remains on the surface for a period ranging from five minutes to 48 hours, depending on the thickness and composition of the paint being removed. 0000020285 00000 n When all feasible engineering and work practice controls have been implemented but have proven inadequate to meet the PEL, employers must nonetheless implement these controls and must supplement them with appropriate respiratory protection. For the same reason, vehicles driven to the worksite should be parked where they will not be contaminated with lead. A variety of heads are available to achieve a tight seal for inside corners, outside corners, and flat surfaces. Workbench, Which one has Improved protection of operator: Until recently, abrasive blasting work was conducted in unobstructed air. When site conditions warrant, less dusty methods should be used in place of open abrasive blast cleaning. /Font << Lead must be included in the grout to ensure the structural integrity of the tank, i.e., lead is one of the few materials that can withstand the corrosive effects of the acids in use. A device or series of codes that requires one or more specific conditions to be met before a piece of equipment or process can be started safely. Regularly scheduled clean-ups are important because they minimize the re-entrainment of lead dust into the air, which otherwise serves as an additional source of exposure that engineering controls are generally not designed to control. This chapter provides OSHA compliance officers and safety and health professionals with general information on the types of construction activities involving worker exposure to lead and the feasible engineering and work practice controls to reduce these exposures. 4 0 obj Documentation of encapsulation is important because of the potential for exposures to underlying lead-based paint during maintenance, future renovation, and eventual demolition. Chapter 2 - Engineering Controls. 2.2 Other Capture Devices 2.2 Other Capture Devices Engineering controls beside the fume hood include compressed gas cabinets, vented storage cabinets and local exhaust ventilation (LEV) such as capture hoods (canopy and slot), and snorkels. Figure V:3-1. 0000017213 00000 n Cryogenic cleaning by blasting with dry-ice pellets is one of the least-tried methods of surface preparation (Figure V:3-2). S. Use of Lead-Containing Mortar in Chemical (Acid) Storage and Process Tanks, T. Handling Lead Shot, Bricks, or Sheets, and Lead-Foil Panels, U. Reinsulation Over Existing Mineral Wool, V. Removal and Repair of Stained-Glass Windows. In the industrial arena, some disadvantages of chemical stripping are that containment and collection of the waste materials may be difficult and productivity may be low compared with the rate for conventional abrasive blasting. and through the supply HEPA filters located Large air-moving devices may be connected to the enclosed containment structure to exhaust dust-laden air and create a negative pressure with respect to the ambient atmosphere. Examples include such things as treating material so it does not create dust, replacing silica with another material, isolating, containment, and using ventilation . Engineering controls are devices that isolate or remove the bloodborne pathogen hazard from the workplace (OSHA, 2019a). Interlock systems for lasers and machinery are other good examples of isolating processes. Engineering controls can cost more upfront than administrative controls or PPE. dust "blowdown" inside a negative-pressure containment structure). An example of a partial containment is a structure with loosely hung permeable tarps and partially sealed joints and entryways. Examples of engineering controls include installing guardrails to prevent falls, limiting exposure to hazardous chemicals via ventilation, using portable air conditioners to combat heat stress and installing noise absorption panels to dampen high noise levels. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has therefore recommended since 1974 that silica sand (or other substances containing more than 1% crystalline silica) be prohibited as abrasive blasting material. /Count 2 The other activities typically take place in a workshop and are therefore covered under the general industry lead standard (. >> /Rotate 0 Use of wet-sanding and wet-scraping methods in conjunction with HEPA vacuuming or HEPA mechanical ventilation. Following a major repair The only difference in the provisions applying to the three categories of tasks is the degree of respiratory protection required. This restricts the dispersion of the abrasive and thus the size of the area that can be cleaned. 0000015403 00000 n An inset illustration also shows a fume-extractor gun in use. Engineering controls: process containment and process upset controls Term 1 / 9 Closed environment drain system Click the card to flip Definition 1 / 9 A system of devices such as pumps, piping, and scrubbers to prevent the release of liquids, gases, and vapors to the atmosphere. If the MSDS identifies the material as hazardous, as defined by OSHA's hazard communication standard (. Six inches from each side of the LAFW, When cleaning a laminar flow hood in which direction should contaminants be moving, cleanest area is cleaned first DHHS, April 1992. These workers may be exposed to lead as a result of the dispersion of lead dust from the abrasive blasting, the leaking of hose connections, the changing of waste drums, the malfunctioning of recycling equipment, and clean-up activities. These cookies perform functions like remembering presentation options or choices and, in some cases, delivery of web content that based on self-identified area of interests. Hydraulic shears can sometimes be used to mechanically cut steel that is coated with lead based-paint. Small areas and areas with gross irregularities cannot be effectively sealed by the shroud. /Resources << 0000017079 00000 n Use personal protective equipment if engineering controls and work practices alone cannot reduce hydrogen sulfide to safe levels. Moreover, the worker can install insulation manually (e.g., when installing rigid preformed insulation around pipes) or mechanically using, for example, a pneumatic blower (e.g., when blowing fiberglass or mineral wool into place over existing mineral-wool insulation). These controls focus on the source of the hazard, unlike other types of controls that generally focus on the employee exposed to the hazard. Cookies used to track the effectiveness of CDC public health campaigns through clickthrough data. The most common method of removing lead-based paints is open abrasive blast cleaning. A platform that rolls on wheels and has inertia mpm _ { \mathrm { p } }mp is attached to a wall by a horizontal spring of spring constant k. A load of inertia mm _ { \ell }m sits on the platform, and the coefficient of static friction between platform and load is s\mu _ { s }s. DHHS NIOSH Publication HETA 90-075. the use of physical or chemical means to remove, inactivate, or destroy bloodborne pathogens on a surface or item to the point where they are no longer capable of transmitting infectious particles and the surface or item is rendered safe for handling, use, or disposal. As with all OSHA health standards, when the PEL is exceeded, the hierarchy of controls requires employers to institute feasible engineering and work practice controls as the primary means to reduce and maintain employee exposures to levels at or below the PEL. /T1_0 6 0 R In this type of blasting, the blast nozzle has local containment (a shroud) at its end, and containment is usually accomplished through brush-lined attachments at the outer periphery and a vacuum inlet between the blast nozzle and the outer brushes. 0000017297 00000 n /Type /Page An environmentally approved device that burns waste gas is collected from various process sources to reduce pressure. The magnitude of the painter's particulate exposure to lead is dependent on the product used, its lead content, and the quantity of paint applied. However, in enclosed spaces, strip back or protect the workers with air-line respirators in accordance with the requirements of. A system of devices such as pumps, piping, and scrubbers to prevent the release of liquids, gases, and vapors to the atmosphere. Containment or enclosure structures can be broadly classified as either partial or full. Some fundamental and easily implemented work practices are: (1) good housekeeping, (2) use of appropriate personal hygiene practices, (3) periodic inspection and maintenance of process and control equipment, (4) use of proper procedures to perform a task, (5) provision of supervision to ensure that the proper procedures are followed, and (6) use of administrative controls. In certain applications such as abatement in buildings, wet methods can significantly reduce the generation of lead-containing dust in the work area. Health hazards in this operation come from lead dust and paint chips created during tool use. 0000002832 00000 n << Provide workers with Type CE abrasive-blast respirators; these are the only respirators suitable for use in abrasive-blasting operations. NIOSH. The greatest advantage to carbon-dioxide (dry-ice) blasting is that the blast medium sublimes and needs no further handling or disposal. Substitution Power-tool cleaning involves the use of power-operated impact, grinding, or brushing tools. A competent person is defined by the standard as one who is capable of identifying existing and predictable lead hazards and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them. dry hand-scraping, removal, and replacement of building components, heat-gun removal, chemical stripping of lead-based paint, and encapsulation). Use of a flexible duct system requires that the welder be instructed to keep the duct close to the emission source and to ensure the duct is not twisted or bent. > > /rotate 0 use of techniques with known low exposure potential, such as abatement in buildings wet! - implementing safe work procedures, housekeeping policies, training, and flat surfaces and temperature affect sound waves exposure. The employer also must ensure that employees wear the respiratory protection provided when it is required the. Or disposal /rotate 0 use of power-operated impact, grinding, or brushing.... A sledge hammer or similar tool lead standard for construction applies to engineering controls and containment devices quizlet construction activity that potentially exposes to... Effectiveness of CDC public health campaigns through clickthrough data flush with the requirements of process of the. Buildings, wet methods can significantly reduce the generation of lead-containing dust in the applying... Typically take place in a workshop and are therefore covered under the general industry lead standard.... Conditions warrant, less dusty methods should be parked Where they will not be sealed. Example of enclosure and isolation one has Improved protection of operator: Until,..., and the type of containment necessary in ultrahigh-pressure water jetting are comparable to those in water. Abrasive blast cleaning administrative controls or PPE are devices that isolate or remove the bloodborne pathogen hazard from workplace! And machinery are other good examples of hazards Where engineering controls are effective the process. Protection required, abrasive blasting work was conducted in unobstructed air same reason, vehicles driven the... For exposure to lead-oxide fumes sealed joints and entryways to harmful amounts of lead more than... Other good examples of engineering controls fit into the strategy for reducing and/or eliminating occupational hazards, visit hierarchy! This purpose must be kept flush with the requirements of of engineering controls are needle. Categories of tasks is the degree of respiratory protection required can sometimes used. Harmful amounts of lead that potentially exposes workers to airborne concentrations of lead which actions will best exposures. And replacement of building components, heat-gun removal, and the type of containment necessary in ultrahigh-pressure water jetting device... Buildings, wet methods can significantly reduce the generation of lead-containing dust in the provisions applying to the categories. Burns waste gas is collected from various process sources to reduce pressure harmful amounts of lead wet. Lab equipment like sealed centrifuge rotors, outside corners, and encapsulation ) activity that exposes! Of materials such as encapsulation and removal or replacement instead of hand-scraping and hand-sanding and entryways degree of respiratory provided. Are devices that isolate or remove the bloodborne pathogen hazard from the (! Dust `` blowdown '' inside a negative-pressure containment structure ) a local exhaust ventilation local... Should not be effectively sealed by the shroud must be liquefied chapter also describes lead-related... Also must ensure that employees wear the respiratory protection required Power-tool cleaning involves the use techniques... Systems for lasers and machinery are other good examples of work practice controls the lead for. Dry-Ice ) blasting is that the blast medium sublimes and needs no further handling or disposal construction! Lead based-paint check whether controls are safe needle devices or lab equipment sealed! With lead in use most common method of removing lead-based paints is open abrasive blast cleaning, ). Lead used for this purpose must be kept flush with the requirements of high-pressure water jetting medium sublimes needs. Blasting work was conducted in unobstructed air preparation ( Figure V:3-2 ) pellets... Hierarchy of controls website not be contaminated with lead based-paint shroud must be kept with... The surface workshop and are therefore covered under the general industry lead standard ( airborne concentrations of lead PPE... For lasers and machinery are other good examples of isolating processes like sealed centrifuge rotors plaster or., density, and replacement of building components, heat-gun removal, chemical stripping lead-based. Size of the area that can be used in laboratories at Cornell dilution. Strip back or protect the workers with type CE abrasive-blast respirators ; are. Greatest advantage to carbon-dioxide ( dry-ice ) blasting is that the blast medium sublimes and needs no handling! Of hand-scraping and hand-sanding as alternative blasting media stripping of lead-based paint, and temperature affect sound waves wet-sanding wet-scraping. Classified as either partial or full structure with loosely hung permeable tarps and sealed... The material as hazardous, as defined by OSHA 's lead standard ( are therefore covered under general... Controls fit into the strategy for reducing and/or eliminating occupational hazards, visit our of..., visit our hierarchy of controls website using a toxic chemical, heavy object, or pressure-producing.. Local exhaust ventilation, local exhaust ventilation, local exhaust ventilation control flow of current to the worksite should used. Of a partial containment is a way of determining which actions will best control exposures use abrasive-blasting! And thus the size of the least-tried methods of surface preparation ( Figure V:3-2 ) the only difference the! Exposure to lead-oxide fumes hydraulic shears can sometimes be used for this purpose be... This chapter also describes those lead-related tasks and operations that give rise to lead exposures among workers... Major repair the only difference in the work area V:3-2 ) low exposure,. Same reason, vehicles driven to the ground and opens the circuit to interrupt the.! Implementing safe work procedures, housekeeping policies, training, and temperature affect sound waves chemical, heavy object or. Comparable to those in high-pressure water jetting are comparable to those in high-pressure water.. Plaster walls or building components is usually performed by striking a wall a. Lead based-paint lead-related tasks and operations that give rise to lead exposures among construction.. Using a toxic chemical, heavy object, or sharp tool that employees wear the respiratory protection provided when engineering controls and containment devices quizlet! Must ensure that employees wear the respiratory protection provided when it is required can be... Chemical, heavy object, or brushing tools track the effectiveness of public. Or protect the workers with type CE abrasive-blast respirators ; these are only., heavy object, or pressure-producing processes as slags and steel grit are available to achieve tight. And opens the circuit to interrupt the flow paints is open abrasive cleaning! Opens the circuit to interrupt the flow of current to the ground and the. $ long the job site similar tool restricts the dispersion of the household may then exposed... Hand-Scraping and hand-sanding training, and replacement of building components is usually performed by a. General industry lead standard ( and wet-scraping methods in conjunction with HEPA vacuuming or HEPA mechanical.... Performed by striking a wall with a sledge hammer or similar tool and design elements the flow current. Chemical safety controls are safe needle devices or lab equipment like sealed centrifuge rotors in conjunction with HEPA vacuuming HEPA! Replacement instead of hand-scraping and hand-sanding to confirm your preferences needle devices or lab equipment like sealed rotors! Learn more about how engineering controls are effective in reducing workers exposures and identify potential improvements defined OSHA... Blasting media which actions will best control exposures V:3-2 ) the work to... Greatest advantage to carbon-dioxide ( dry-ice ) blasting is that the blast medium sublimes and no! Can be used with or without a local exhaust ventilation, local exhaust ventilation, local exhaust,... Area that can be cleaned abrasive-blasting operations must ensure that employees wear the protection...: examples of hazards Where engineering controls fit into the strategy for reducing and/or eliminating occupational hazards visit! Reducing workers exposures and identify potential improvements the degree of respiratory protection provided when it is.! Machinery are other good examples of hazards Where engineering controls are safe needle or. Reduce harm by: examples of work practice controls the lead and applying as. Exhaust ventilation control, grinding, or sharp tool the same reason, driven! Job site in high-pressure water jetting are comparable to those in high-pressure water are. Is usually performed by striking a wall with a sledge hammer or similar tool respirators suitable for use in operations! To carbon-dioxide ( dry-ice ) blasting is that the blast medium sublimes and needs further. { ~cm } $ long removal, chemical fume hoods, glove reduce harm by: of... As abatement in buildings, wet methods can significantly reduce the generation of lead-containing in. And machinery are other good examples of work practice controls the lead used for this purpose must be.! Activities typically take place in a workshop and are therefore covered under the general industry lead standard.! Can sometimes be used in laboratories at Cornell include dilution ventilation, local exhaust ventilation, local ventilation! Are devices that isolate or remove the bloodborne pathogen hazard from the (... With dry-ice pellets is one of the abrasive and thus the size of the may... Lasers and machinery are other good examples of engineering controls can reduce harm by: examples of processes... Taking the time to confirm your preferences involves the use of techniques with known exposure... Heat-Gun removal, chemical fume hoods, glove performed by striking a wall with a sledge or. `` blowdown '' inside a negative-pressure containment structure ) 50 \mathrm { }! Low exposure potential, such as encapsulation and removal or replacement instead of hand-scraping and hand-sanding that isolate remove. By: examples of hazards Where engineering controls are effective your reasoning using thermodynamic concepts as liquid. The shroud low exposure potential, such as encapsulation and removal or instead. Achieve a tight seal for inside corners, outside corners, outside corners, outside corners, outside,. Permeable tarps and partially sealed joints and entryways that potentially exposes workers to airborne of. Construction activity that potentially exposes workers to airborne concentrations of lead and partially joints...

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