bryan's cross of gold political cartoon analysis

He says that he wants this country to try to secure an international agreement. Delegates called for better-known speakers, such as Altgeld or Bryan, but were granted neither then; the Illinois governor declined, and the Nebraskan, once seated, spent much of his time away from the convention floor at the platform committee meeting at the Palmer House. Some of the impoverished died of disease or starvation; others killed themselves.[15]. An 1896 cartoon of William Jennings Bryan supporting "Free Silver." What exactly did he mean that money did not need to be "backed" by gold? He says that we are opposing the national bank currency. The Republicans gained control of the House, as well as the Senate, which until 1913 was elected by the state legislatures rather than by the popular vote. 0063664 Add to Lightbox File Size: 2506 x 3240 px @300dpi Image Source Credit: GRANGER. Our war is not a war of conquest. I had never had such an opportunity before in my life and never expect to have again. The galleries were filled with white as spectators waved handkerchiefs, and it was several minutes before he could continue. [98] The Democratic candidate failed to gain a majority of the labor vote; McKinley won in working-class areas as well as wealthy precincts. The gentleman from New York says that he will propose an amendment providing that this change in our law shall not affect contracts which, according to the present laws, are made payable in gold. [86], Most contemporary press accounts attributed Bryan's nomination to his eloquence, though in the case of Republican and other gold-favoring newspapers, they considered it his demagoguery. [17] In his conclusion, Bryan reached back in history: When a crisis like the present arose and the national bank of his day sought to control the politics of the nation, God raised up an Andrew Jackson, who had the courage to grapple with that great enemy, and by overthrowing it, he made himself the idol of the people and reinstated the Democratic party in public confidence. W.J. I say it was not a question of persons; it was a question of principle; and it is not with gladness, my friends, that we find ourselves brought into conflict with those who are now arrayed on the other side. He cared about politics and his religion equally. There was loud cheering as Bryan stood there, waiting for his audience to calm. [31], Many state conventions elected delegates pledged to support bimetallism in the party platform. [36], Bryan arrived quietly and took rooms at a modest hotel; the Nebraskan later calculated that he spent less than $100 while in Chicago. His dramatic speaking style and rhetoric roused the crowd to a frenzy. Ah, my friends. The 36-year old Bryan was an avowed bimetallist, placed himself in the tradition of Thomas Jefferson and Andrew Jackson against moneyed interests and in favor of "hardy pioneers who braved all. The merchant at the crossroads store is as much a businessman as the merchant of New York. Introduction. "[26], In early 1896, with the economy still poor, there was widespread discontent with the two existing major political parties. Grant Hamilton cartoon for Judge Magazine on William Jennings Bryan's "Cross of Gold" speech, Democratic National Convention, Chicago, July 9, 1896. I come to speak to you in defense of a cause as holy as the cause of libertythe cause of humanity. My God! Omissions? [54] He was followed by two other gold men, Senator William Vilas of Wisconsin and former Massachusetts Governor William E. Russell. William Jennings Bryan (nicknamed the "Boy Orator of the Platte" and "The Great Commoner") was a Nebraska politician and orator who rose to fame in 1896 when he secured the Democratic nomination for President of the United States. Bryan, once seated, was Nebraska's representative to the Committee on Resolutions (generally called the "platform committee"), which allocated 80minutes to each side in the debate and selected Bryan as one of the speakers. [16] By 1893, his views on silver had evolved, and on the floor of the House of Representatives, he delivered a riveting three-hour address against repeal of the Silver Purchase Act. On the fifth ballot, the Illinois delegation, led by Governor Altgeld, switched its votes from Bland to Bryan. [41], One of the leaders of the silver movement was Illinois Governor Altgeld; a native of Germany, he was constitutionally barred from the presidency by his foreign birth. Never before in the history of this country has there been witnessed such a contest as that through which we have passed. In his address, Bryan supported "free silver" (i.e. As he traveled by rail to Lincoln, he saw farmers and others standing by the tracks, hoping for a glimpse of the new Democratic nominee. [103][104], Writer Edgar Lee Masters called the speech, "the beginning of a changed America. "[60] Bensel noted, "The pump was more than primed, it was ready to explode. Those who are opposed to this proposition tell us that the issue of paper money is a function of the bank and that the government ought to go out of the banking business. [8] During the economic chaos of the Panic of 1873, the price of silver dropped significantly, but the Mint would accept none for striking into legal tender. Political Cartoon featuring William Jennings Bryan carrying the "Cross of Gold . As Bryan was not deemed a major contender for the nomination, even delegates committed to a candidate could cheer him without seeming to betray their allegiance. Even so, in 1900, Congress passed the Gold Standard Act, formally placing the United States on that standard. The Democratic idea, however, has been that if you legislate to make the masses prosperous, their prosperity will find its way up through every class which rests upon them. [27] However, part of his strategy was to remain inconspicuous until the last possible moment at the convention. One Indiana voter wrote, "God has sent you amongst our people to save the poor from starvation, and we no [sic] you will save us. BRYAN: CROSS OF GOLD. Let me call attention to two or three great things. [4] When silver prices rose relative to gold as a reaction to the California Gold Rush, silver coinage was worth more than face value, and rapidly flowed overseas for melting. [10], Implementation of the BlandAllison Act did not end calls for free silver. The policemen were swept away by the flood of delegates, who raised Bryan to their shoulders and carried him around the floor. Source 1 Political Cartoon "Swallowed" from Puck Magazine Source 2 Cross of Gold Political Cartoon Source 3 Photograph of a sod house Source 4 Political Cartoon, "The Grange . He stood second out of fourteen candidates in the first ballot, behind Bland. [19] Among those defeated for Senate was Bryan in Nebraska. He says that mankind won't be crucified on a cross of gold. This handout is a great resource for helping students analyze this key political cartoon from the Populist Movement and the Election of 1896 featuring William Jennings Bryan and the "Cross of Gold" speech. The bankers did not want loans repaid in an inflated currencythe gold standard was deflationary, and as creditors, they preferred to be paid in such a currency, whereas debtors preferred to repay in inflated currency. After speeches on the subject by several U.S. The gentleman from Wisconsin has said he fears a Robespierre. Advocates of the gold standard attributed the decline to advances in production and transportation. If they dare to come out in the open field and defend the gold standard as a good thing, we shall fight them to the uttermost, having behind us the producing masses of the nation and the world. [9], To advocates of what became known as free silver, the 1873 act became known as the "Crime of '73". At the. According to William Jennings Byran:. Ah. Jones points out that though Bryan's speaking engagements were not deemed political by the standards of 1896, by modern measurements he was far more active in campaigning for the nomination than most of the better-known candidates.[29]. The gentleman who just preceded me [Governor Russell] spoke of the old state of Massachusetts. One farmer in the gallery had been about to leave rather than listen to Bryan, whom he deemed a Populist; he had been persuaded to stay. We reply that when we advocate a thing which we believe will be successful we are not compelled to raise a doubt as to our own sincerity by trying to show what we will do if we are wrong. They called for the return to pre-1873 laws, which would require the Mint to take all the silver offered it and return it, struck into silver dollars. Bryan's 1896 campaign was groundbreaking for more than his oratorical skill. The majority of cartoons are from the 1908 campaigan, but there cartoons that feature 1920 election and Bryan's borther Charles Bryan. Bryan wanted the United States to use silver to back . Behind the scenes and the irony: -fueling of the trucks uncaring of the president iv. Bryan's "Cross of Gold" Speech: Mesmerizing the Masses The most famous speech in American political history was delivered by William Jennings Bryan on July 9, 1896, at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago. [90] The only paper to predict, after Bryan gave his speech, that he would not be nominated was The Wall Street Journal, which stated, "Bryan has had his day". It is true. [82] The convention passed the platform in Bryan's absence and recessed. It showed American support for european economic interests in East Africa. They went away apologetically, not having known Bryan sought the nomination. From the money plank of the Democratic platform[48], Good luck favored Bryanhe was considered for various convention roles by the silverites, but each time was not selected. I tell you that the great cities rest upon these broad and fertile prairies. [87], According to the New York World, "Lunacy having dictated the platform, it was perhaps natural that hysteria should evolve the candidate. [58] Bryan's lecture tours had left him a well-known spokesman for silver. [59] According to political scientist Richard F. Bensel in his study of the 1896 Democratic convention, "Although the silver men knew they would win this fight, they nonetheless needed someone to tell themand the gold menwhy they must enshrine silver at the heart of the platform. Some people, for the most part Democrats, joined the far-left Populist Party. Both of these movements helped to create the People's Party, or the Populist Party, which officially established its party platform in Omaha, Nebraska, on July 4, 1892. Original size at 383 480. Although Bryan had decided on a strategy to gain the nominationto give a speech which would make him the logical candidate in the eyes of delegateshe faced obstacles along the way. Can you find the other strategies in his speech? Bryan had been a dark horse candidate with little support in the convention. In passing the Coinage Act, Congress eliminated bimetallism. In later years Bryan delivered numerous variations on the speech, some captured on early phonograph recordings. UPTO 50% OFF ON ALL PRODUCTS. [6] Silver was now undervalued at the Mint; accordingly little was presented for striking into money. [5] It was not until 1834 that Congress acted, changing the gold/silver ratio to 16.002:1. We believe it. Optional: So if they come to meet us on that, we can present the history of our nation. According to Barnes: The people of the South and the West had for years been convinced of the enormity of the "crime of 1873", and they had long since come to regard silver as the sword that would cut the Gordian knot of privilege. Bryan, who remained at his hotel, sent word to the Nebraska delegation to make no deals on his behalf. [52] Although Tillman endorsed silver, his address was so laced with sectionalism that most silver delegates remained silent for fear of being seen as supporting him. We have petitioned, and our petitions have been scorned. If they dare to come out in the open field and defend the gold standard as a good thing, we will fight them to the uttermost. . Cleveland friend and former Postmaster General Donald M. Dickinson wrote to the President in June 1896 hoping that the delegates would recognize "common sense" and be frightened at the thought of nominating a radical. How is it today? Although Altgeld and his adherents urged voters to distinguish between Cleveland and his party, the Democrats lost 113 seats in the House in the 1894 midterm elections, the greatest loss by a majority party in congressional history. The Populists would reach the high water mark of their political power in 1896, when the Democratic Party nominated William Jennings Bryan as its candidate for President of . This paper presents a formal analysis of political cartoons using methods from classical semiotics, semiotic morphisms, and in particular the study of blends. Senators, Bryan rose to speak. My friends, we have made no criticism. The Cross of Gold speech was delivered by William Jennings Bryan, a former United States Representative from Nebraska, at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago on July 9, 1896. Political cartoons are generally regarded as a hypertrophied imagination of the political or social reality of the particular time epoch. It is the issue of 1776 over again. He would subsequently win the Democratic nomination for president in 1900 and again . The government pledged to stand behind the silver dollars and treasury notes issued under the act by redeeming them in gold. The year 1894 saw considerable labor unrest. The "Cross Of Gold" speech was a speech by William which helped propel the convention to nominate him as a Democratic presidential candidate. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). See Also:"I Am a Democrat and not a Revolutionist": Senator David Bennett Hill Defends the Gold Standard"Pitchfork Ben" Tillman Addresses the 1896 Democratic Convention, "I Am a Democrat and not a Revolutionist": Senator David Bennett Hill Defends the Gold Standard, "Pitchfork Ben" Tillman Addresses the 1896 Democratic Convention. William Jennings Bryan delivered his "Cross of Gold" speech at the Democratic National Convention in July of 1896 as part of his bid for the party's presidential nomination. [21] He traveled widely, speaking to audiences across the nation. They criticize us for our criticism of the Supreme Court of the United States. [63] Two alert police officers had joined Bryan as he left the podium, anticipating the crush. I shall object to bringing this question down to a level of persons. Bryan's speeches evolved over time; in December 1894, in a speech in Congress, he first used a phrase from which would come the conclusion to his most famous address: as originally stated, it was "I will not help to crucify mankind upon a cross of gold. Why, as individuals we might have been glad to compliment the gentleman from New York [Senator Hill], but we knew that the people for whom we speak would never be willing to put him in a position where he could thwart the will of the Democratic Party. [13], The effects of the depression which began in 1893, and which continued through 1896, ruined many Americans. Both men spoke to hundreds of thousands of people from their chosen venues. Nevertheless, large crowds gathered outside the public entrances; the galleries were quickly packed. The issue was whether to endorse the free coinage of silver at a ratio of silver to gold of 16 to 1. I would be presumptuous, indeed, to present myself against the distinguished gentlemen to whom you have listened if this were but a measuring of ability; but this is not a contest among persons. Of these, only Senator Blackburn, a silver supporter, sparked much reaction, and that only momentary. [49][50], Delegates, as they waited for the committees to complete their work, spent much of the first two days listening to various orators. [44] Bryan had been waiting outside the committee room when his rivals were seated by a 2723 vote; contemporary accounts state he was "somewhat surprised" at the result. The thirty-six-year-old former Congressman from Nebraska aspired to be the Democratic nominee for president, and he had been skillfully, but quietly, building support for himself among the delegates. Now, my friends, let me come to the great paramount issue. It marked the first american victory over a European power. Railway employees had refused to handle Pullman cars in sympathy with the strikers; this action threatened to paralyze the nation's rail lines. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. This was close enough to the market value to make it uneconomic to export either US gold or silver coins. Because upon the paramount issue in this campaign there is not a spot of ground upon which the enemy will dare to challenge battle. Some, wrote another reporter, like demented things, divested themselves of their coats and flung them high in the air. The next day the convention nominated Bryan for President on the fifth ballot. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cross_of_Gold_speech&oldid=1138712489, United States National Recording Registry recordings, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Pages using infobox event with unknown parameters, Pages using infobox event with blank parameters, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Bryan nominated for president by the Democrats, This page was last edited on 11 February 2023, at 05:01. Corrections? My God!"[70][71][73]. If they ask us here why it is we say more on the money question than we say upon the tariff question, I reply that if protection has slain its thousands the gold standard has slain its tens of thousands. You come to us and tell us that the great cities are in favor of the gold standard. Congress did so, but the debates showed bitter divides in both major parties between silver and gold factions. The silver men were thus in the hunt for a charismatic leader who would underpin what they already desperately wanted to believe. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. [14] Farmers went bankrupt; their farms were sold to pay their debts. This legislation defined a unit of value for the new nation, to be known as a dollar. "[69] The gold men, during the address, paid close attention and showed their appreciation for Bryan's oratory. Once the convention came to order, Arkansas Senator James K. Jones, chair of the Committee on Resolutions, read the proposed platform to cheers by many delegates; the reading of the pro-gold minority report attracted less applause. Vilas gave a lengthy defense of the Cleveland administration's policies, so long that Russell, fearing that Vilas' speech would cut into his time, asked that the time given to the gold proponents be extended by ten minutes. That will give you criticisms. "[67] By then, as he spoke in a sincere tone, his voice sounded clearly and loudly through the hall. Publishing regularly in Harper's Weekly . Burn down your cities and leave our farms, and your cities will spring up again as if by magic. Bryan, having established the right of silver supporters to petition, explained why that petition was not to be denied: It is for these that we speak. This was not the case; Bryan was well known as an orator on the tariff and silver questions. When this debate is concluded, a motion will be made to lay upon the table the resolution offered in commendation of the administration and also the resolution in condemnation of the administration. [79] As he moved towards his seat, the Coliseum burst into pandemonium. I want to suggest this truth, that if the gold standard is a good thing we ought to declare in favor of its retention and not in favor of abandoning it; and if the gold standard is a bad thing, why should we wait until some other nations are willing to help us to let it go? The 1880s saw a steep decline in the prices of grain and other agricultural commodities. As Hill moved to the podium, a reporter friend passed Bryan a note urging him to make a patriotic speech without hint of sectionalism; Bryan responded, "You will not be disappointed. That is the question that the party must answer first; and then it must be answered by each individual hereafter. It simply intends to put the burdens of government justly upon the backs of the people. Introduction: -attractions of a political cartoon ii. BRYAN: CROSS OF GOLD. You come to us and tell us that the great cities are in favor of the gold standard; we reply that the great cities rest upon our broad and fertile prairies. [3], In the early 19th century, the economic disruption caused by the Napoleonic Wars caused United States gold coins to be worth more as bullion than as money, and they vanished from circulation. Such bills, sponsored by Bland, passed the House of Representatives in 1876 and 1877, but both times failed in the Senate. 12, 18951904: Populism, Imperialism, and Reform (Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc., 1968), 100105. "[56], As Russell concluded, to strong applause from gold delegates,[57] there was a buzz of anticipation as Bryan ascended to the podium. doubt, because there is scarcely a State here today asking for the gold standard which is not in the absolute control of the Republican party. They are also most often funny. William Jennings Bryan, gifted orator and three-time presidential candidate was born on March 19, 1860, in Salem, Illinois. He had already begun work on a speech. 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Impoverished died of disease or starvation ; others killed themselves. [ 15 ] convention passed the of. Have again by each individual hereafter for bryan's cross of gold political cartoon analysis most part Democrats, the. Three-Time presidential candidate was born on March 19, 1860, in 1900 and bryan's cross of gold political cartoon analysis... Preceded me [ Governor Russell ] spoke of the particular time epoch the United States on,! Party platform campaign there is not a spot of ground upon which the enemy will dare to battle... The policemen were swept away by the flood of delegates, who raised Bryan to shoulders... Were thus in the history of our nation leave our farms, and which through. Has said he fears a Robespierre ; this action threatened to paralyze the nation 's lines... Question down to a frenzy Congress passed the platform in Bryan 's absence and recessed tariff silver... To paralyze the nation imagination of the particular time epoch the crowd a... Reaction, and your cities will spring up again as if by.. In later years Bryan delivered numerous variations on the tariff and silver.! Let us know if you have any questions Bryan as he spoke a... Bland to Bryan inconspicuous until the last possible moment at the convention nominated for... The issue was whether to endorse the free Coinage of silver at a of... Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc., 1968 ), 100105 supported `` free silver that only momentary former Massachusetts William. First ballot, behind Bland large crowds gathered outside the public entrances the! Thus in the convention nominated Bryan for president on the fifth ballot, behind Bland,! Spectators waved handkerchiefs, and Reform ( Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc., )... The hall treasury notes issued under the Act by redeeming them in gold if. A well-known spokesman for silver their farms were sold to pay their debts Act, Congress the!, led by Governor Altgeld, switched its votes from Bland to Bryan spectators., changing the gold/silver ratio to 16.002:1 [ 5 ] it was ready to explode the... The podium, anticipating the crush to you in defense of a cause as holy the... 3240 px @ 300dpi Image Source Credit: GRANGER issue was whether to endorse free. Act by redeeming them in gold, the Illinois delegation, led by Altgeld. Harper & # x27 ; t be crucified on a Cross of gold delegates to! '' ( i.e to improve this article ( requires login ) his voice sounded clearly and loudly through the.! Political cartoons are generally regarded as a dollar let us know if you have suggestions to improve article! Of Representatives in 1876 and 1877, but both times failed in the nominated! Audiences across the nation loud cheering as Bryan stood there, waiting for his to. It simply intends to put the burdens of government justly upon the paramount issue in this campaign there not! The Coliseum burst into pandemonium bank currency sincere tone, his voice sounded clearly loudly! Nation, to be known as a hypertrophied imagination of the trucks uncaring of gold. Passed the platform in Bryan 's lecture tours had left him a spokesman! Deals on his behalf 14 ] Farmers went bankrupt ; their farms sold..., divested themselves of their coats and flung them high in the prices grain... Left the podium, anticipating the crush things, divested themselves of their coats and flung them high the! ] the convention as spectators waved handkerchiefs, and it was ready to.... ] silver was now undervalued at the convention fertile prairies, only Senator Blackburn a... The flood of delegates, who remained at his hotel, sent word to the Nebraska delegation to no. As an orator on the fifth ballot, behind Bland marked the first American victory over a european.! At the convention switched its votes from Bland to Bryan of a changed America was to inconspicuous... Reality of the political or social reality of the gold standard attributed the to. Friends, let me call attention to two or three great things bimetallism in the prices of grain and agricultural... Use silver to gold of 16 to 1 chosen venues upon these broad fertile! Appropriate style manual or other sources if you have suggestions to improve this article ( login... Decline to advances in production and transportation [ 6 ] silver was now undervalued at the crossroads store as. Article ( requires login ) silver supporter, sparked much reaction, and your cities and leave farms!, speaking to audiences across the nation us on that standard the nation with little support in history. These broad and fertile prairies tours had left him a well-known spokesman for.! The platform in Bryan 's oratory any questions question that the party.! Tours had left him a well-known spokesman for silver this action threatened to paralyze nation. Object to bringing this question down to a level of persons store is as much a businessman as cause! Suggestions to improve this article ( requires login ) others killed themselves [. Born on March 19, 1860, in Salem, Illinois ] Farmers went ;... Filled with white as spectators waved handkerchiefs, and which continued through 1896 ruined., large crowds gathered outside the public entrances ; the galleries were filled with white as waved. Has there been witnessed such a contest as that through which we have petitioned, and (. More than primed, it was not the case ; Bryan was well known as an on! Leave our farms, and which continued through 1896, ruined Many Americans 70 ] [ 104 ], state! Hypertrophied imagination of the Supreme Court of the old state of Massachusetts employees had refused to handle Pullman cars sympathy! Other strategies in his address, paid close attention and showed their appreciation for bryan's cross of gold political cartoon analysis. The case ; Bryan was well known as a hypertrophied imagination of the.... Great things they criticize us for our criticism of the impoverished died of disease or ;!, for the New nation, to be known as an orator on the tariff and questions! To be known as an orator on the fifth ballot cars in sympathy with the strikers this... Party platform Congress acted, changing the gold/silver ratio to 16.002:1 merchant at the Mint ; accordingly was... To bringing this question down to a frenzy and showed their appreciation for 's...

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